tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36275482065838727242024-02-08T05:18:16.539-08:00Essay writing meaningEssay Topics For Campuscelestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-39980063099450886052020-08-27T07:09:00.001-07:002020-08-27T07:09:15.779-07:00A Comparative Essay Of The Poems ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢ (C.A.Duffy) and ââ¬ËThe Arrival Of The Bee Boxââ¬â¢ (S.Plath) Essay Example for FreeA Comparative Essay Of The Poems ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢ (C.A.Duffy) and ââ¬ËThe Arrival Of The Bee Boxââ¬â¢ (S.Plath) Essay ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢ via Carol Ann Duffy and ââ¬ËThe Arrival Of The Bee Boxââ¬â¢ by Sylvia Plath have numerous likenesses and contrasts. ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢ is apparently a sonnet about an individual, undoubtedly a lady, who awakens and finds ââ¬Ëa head on the pillowââ¬â¢ close to them. The sonnet keeps on enumerating their prompt activities lastly uncovers that this head is in truth ââ¬Ëon a platterââ¬â¢. ââ¬ËThe Arrival Of The Bee Boxââ¬â¢ shows up on a superficial level to depict the strengthening felt by a person as they investigate their command over a case of honey bees. A fascinating closeness is the two artists are female. C. A. Duffy was conceived in Glasgow in 1995 and is the oldest of five youngsters. Plath was conceived in 1932 and was conceived in Boston. On the off chance that you read the sonnets from a true to life point of view it is conceivable to distinguish certain components which the writer has included because of their own conditions. By and by, I accept that both C. A. Duffy and S. Plath have focuses to make. For instance, Duffyââ¬â¢s sonnet could be believed to have numerous connects to the job of lady in the public arena and the force they have over their male partners. This psychological demeanor, which has separated through into her verse, could originate from the reality she is the principal ladies and the main transparently gay individual to hold the situation of Britainââ¬â¢s artist laureate. So also, ââ¬ËThe Arrival Of The Bee Boxââ¬â¢ contains incendiary thoughts of intensity and perhaps undertones to ladies playing an untraditional job in the public arena. In ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢ the pace, tone, beat and structure are completely broken. This is exceptionally powerful as it mirrors the mental remaining of the voice in the sonnet. The impact is made through the methods of enjambment and facetious inquiries and these can be seen in the fifth line ââ¬Å"what did it make a difference? . The line is secluded and this causes the readerââ¬â¢s to notice it. Close by this the facetious inquiry at that point propels the peruser to think ââ¬Å"what did it make a difference? â⬠. This underlines the point to the peruser that it does make a difference and is significant in the given setting of the sonnet. On the other hand, ââ¬ËThe Arrival Of The Bee Boxââ¬â¢ is produced using six uniform verses of five lines. There is little by method of caesura and it along these lines varies extraordinarily, regarding structure at any rate, from ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢. Actually, I accept this is on the grounds that the speaker is depicted as being increasingly gathered and alright with the got power, comparative with the voice in ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢. The subsequent line is a phenomenal model; ââ¬Å"Square as a seat and too overwhelming to even consider lifting. â⬠The rhyme of ââ¬Ësquareââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëchairââ¬â¢ gives a positive sound and thus this can be believed to connote control and pleasure in power. The above proof proposes that C. A. Duffy and S. Plath both have various thoughts on what direction fundamentally is ideal to impart their thoughts. Be that as it may, I accept the free structure of ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢ includes more than the inflexible structure of ââ¬ËThe Arrival of The Bee Boxââ¬â¢ as it creates an additional measurement wherein perusers can have more opportunity to decipher the ideal importance of the sonnet themselves. Necessary to the two sonnets is the topic of intensity and the connection it has with the proprietor, particularly ladies. The closeness and authority is this assault on the cliché sees that whenever permitted to stand could drive lady to the fringe of society. In ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢ the voice is fairly a ââ¬Ëplayerââ¬â¢ and it is this scopophilic demeanor which creates Duffyââ¬â¢s point. In a cutting edge society it is frequently observed as ââ¬Ëcoolââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëmachoââ¬â¢ for a male to lay down with numerous ladies. Conversely, on the off chance that females reproduce these activities, at that point they have a high potential for success of being assaulted with censorious terms. No doubt S. Plath would decided to concentrate more on the enthusiasm of intensity. She alludes to various occasions ever (Greek, Slave Trade, Roman). This sets a serious showy environment in light of the fact that alluding to these superpowers through the ages causes the peruser to welcome the significance of intensity in our general public both before, present and future. It features the way that in Duffyââ¬â¢s supposition (and I concur) that it is installed in people to search out force and control others. Generally speaking, the two artists have comparable topics in their sonnets yet decided to communicate them in various manners. A comparability between the two sonnets is that they make inferences to either strict names or various pieces of the Bible. C. A. Duffy in ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢ decides to utilize notorious Christian names, for example, John and Peter. Though S. Plath utilizes the idea of a paradise; ââ¬Å"There is the laburnum, its light corridors, And the underskirts of the cherry. â⬠The portrayal of this idealistic setting could be connected to the emotions felt by the voice in ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢ when she/it says ââ¬ËI saw my eyes glitterâ⬠¦and ainââ¬â¢t life a bitchââ¬â¢. The voice seems as if it is fulfilled, equity has been done and it has arrived at an allegorical goal. This goal, as I would see it, is that the voice feels like they have by one way or another arrived at correspondence by submitting this peculiar demonstration. A huge impact as far as language in the two sonnets is the individual pronoun ââ¬ËIââ¬â¢. This likeness is doubtlessly because of the common them of intensity in every sonnet. The storytellers are attempting to communicate that they are the ones in control. The language in the two sonnets is shortsighted however the words can be utilized in very intricate manners. The two writers have decided not to overcomplicate their language and I think they have made their sonnets entirely open to all individuals. Hues are utilized in the two sonnets for various impacts. In ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢ the ââ¬Ëred sheetsââ¬â¢ could connote the resentment felt by the voice for the shameful acts that have driven them to attempt the outrage. In ââ¬ËThe Arrival Of The Bee Boxââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëthe underskirts of the cherryââ¬â¢ and the ââ¬Ëblond colonnadesââ¬â¢ are utilized as the shades of the paradise. The utilization of hues is distinctive in every sonnet except both function admirably. Taking everything into account, I feel that Carol Ann Duffy and Sylvia Plath are both effective in introducing their thoughts in the two sonnets. The sonnets are left not entirely clear and relying upon the sort of perusing you embrace (frontier, true to life, and so forth) they can mean various things to various individuals. In any case, I for one feel that ââ¬ËSalomeââ¬â¢ is additionally fascinating and hypnotizing to the peruser. This is in all likelihood because of the reality I discovered ââ¬ËThe Arrival Of The Bee Boxââ¬â¢ unreasonably theoretical for me and I thought that it was hard to get a handle on. I think the sonnets have opened my eyes not exclusively to the imbalances felt by specific gatherings of society yet in addition to the inconsistencies over the globe all in all. celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-38670155265382332542020-08-22T11:04:00.001-07:002020-08-22T11:04:17.683-07:00College Physics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsSchool Physics - Research Paper Example As indicated by the electromagnetic hypothesis, a charged molecule in quickened movement must transmit vitality as electromagnetic radiation. So an electron spinning around the core should likewise transmit vitality lastly fall into the core following a winding way. 5. In spite of the fact that these quarks can not be disengaged separately, however in blend with the others it can offer presence to subatomic particles as electrons and protons. An electron is comprised of one up-quark and two down-quarks (u, d, d) and a proton is comprised of two up-quarks and one down-quark (u, u, d). Water or dampness on the earth ingests heat from the sun and the environmental factors. At the point when enough warmth has been consumed, a portion of the fluid atoms have enough vitality to escape from the fluid and start to ascend into the air as a fume. As the fume rises higher, the temperature of the encompassing air becomes lower. In the long run, the fume loses enough warmth to the encompassing air to permit it to turn around into a fluid. Earth's gravitational force at that point makes the fluid fall withdraw to the earth, in this way finishing the cycle. It ought to be noticed that if the temperatures in the encompassing air are sufficiently low, the fume can gather and afterward freeze into day off hail. By and by, gravity will guarantee the solidified structures and they will come back to the earth. Like goliath capacitors in the sky, these mists get energized. The upper segment of the cloud is certain celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-25931831774548594902020-08-21T08:46:00.001-07:002020-08-21T08:46:13.872-07:00Blog Archive Harvard Business School Interview Invites Are Out! Here Are Some Helpful Resources Blog Archive Harvard Business School Interview Invites Are Out! Here Are Some Helpful Resources Harvard Business School (HBS) will send out Round 2 interview invitations today, February 4, at noon eastern standard time. HBS will send only one batch of interview invites, along with notifications of release.â HBSâs managing director of MBA admissions and financial aid, Chad Losee, addressed the impending invitations in a January 15 blog post. If you are among the candidates who receive an interview invitation today, congratulations! You will be able to sign up for interview slots tomorrow, Wednesday, February 5, at 10:00 a.m. eastern standard time. Now is the time to get ready for this crucial step in your application process. Check out these important resources created by mbaMission specifically for HBS interview candidates: INTENSIVE SIMULATION Devi Vallabhaneni, a veteran admissions interviewer with years of experience interviewing hundreds of HBS candidates and mbaMissionâs HBS Interviewer in Residence, is offering sessions online via webcam to help applicants prepare for the real thing. The live interview simulation includes the following components: Two or more 30-minute interview experiences customized to your application. Before your first session, Devi will spend several hours reviewing your written application, following the same process she used when conducting candidate interviews for HBS. This allows her to target her questions based on what she discovers about you from your application. Personalized feedback. After each interview session, Devi will provide you with targeted feedback, talking you through her impressions and offering strategic advice for improving your HBS interview skills. A reflection period. You will have time between your interview sessions with Devi to internalize the feedback and adjust accordingly before trying again. For more information and to secure your spot, please visit our HBS Intensive Interview Simulation page. MOCK INTERVIEW AND POST-INTERVIEW REFLECTION SUPPORT Another resource to help you prepare is our HBS Mock Interview and Post-Interview Reflection Support service. Through it, you work with an experienced mbaMission Senior Consultant who will have read your entire HBS application and prepared customized questions based on your candidacy. Via QA, feedback, and thorough response planning, we will help you improve the content of your answers, your time management skills, and your overall presentation. HBS asks all interviewed applicants to write a post-interview essay and submit it within 24 hours of their interview. This essay has no word limit, and HBS suggests that candidates think of it as an email they would write to a friend or colleague, rather than as a formal essay. As part of our targeted HBS interview package, an mbaMission Senior Consultant will help you strategize your approach to this special essay. Your consultant will also review a draft of the essay and provide feedback intended to assist you in making it stronger and more effective. Please note that because the HBS Admissions Office explicitly states that applicants are not to write anything in advance or receive outside help with this essay, your mbaMission Senior Consultant will not edit your writing but will instead offer detailed strategic direction via comments only. To purchase your HBS mock interview preparation session, click here! HBS INTERVIEW GUIDE Download your complimentary copy of mbaMissionâs Harvard Business School Interview Guide today. In creating our interview guides, we have drawn on countless communications with MBA students, alumni, admissions officers, and applicants, in addition to our vast library of interview reports submitted by current and past clients. Our HBS Interview Guide provides the following information: Insight into what the school is evaluating and hoping to gain from the interview An explanation of the schoolâs approach to interviewing (e.g., self-scheduled or invite only, blind versus comprehensive) Past applicantsâ firsthand accounts of their interview experiences and multiple sample interview question sequences Tips on preparing for and responding to questions that most often vex applicants Help in formulating compelling questions of your own Good luck to all Round 2 applicants! If you believe you can benefit from one of our interview planning servicesâ"or would simply like more information on the processâ"feel free to contact us anytime! Share ThisTweet Application Tips Business School Events Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Interviews Managing the MBA Interview News Blog Archive Harvard Business School Interview Invites Are Out! Here Are Some Helpful Resources Harvard Business School Harvard Business School (HBS) will send out its first batch of Round 1 interview invitations today at noon eastern time. Recently, HBSâs admissions director, Chad Losee, addressed the impending invitations in a blog post: âAs you likely know, the next step is an invitation to interview. This is our chance to get to know you in person. We interview roughly 2x the number of people we can eventually admit, and those interview invitations come out in two waves: October 1 and October 4 at noon eastern time.â On October 4, HBS will release its final batch of interview invitations, along with notifications of âreleaseâ for those who are not invited to interview. If you are among the candidates who receive an interview invitation this week, congratulations! Now is the time to get ready for this crucial step in your application process. Check out these important resources created by mbaMission specifically for Harvard Business School interview candidates. INTENSIVE SIMULATION Devi Vallabhaneni, a veteran admissions interviewer with years of experience interviewing hundreds of HBS candidates, is mbaMissionâs new HBS Interviewer in Residence and will offer intensive interview simulations in New York City and online via webcam to help HBS applicants prepare for the real thing. The live interview simulation includes the following components: Two 30-minute mock interviews: Devi will spend several hours reviewing your written application, following the same process she used when conducting candidate interviews for HBS. Then, she will interview you, enabling you to experience the free-flowing, dynamic, and personalized nature of an HBS interview. Personalized feedback: After each interview, Devi will provide you with targeted feedback and coaching, talking you through her impressions and offering strategic advice for improving your HBS interview skills. Reflection period: Between interviews, you will have time to internalize Deviâs feedback and prepare accordingly before trying again in a second, customized interview. For more information and to secure your spot, please visit our HBS Intensive Interview Simulation page. MOCK INTERVIEW AND POST-INTERVIEW REFLECTION SUPPORT Another option to help you prepare is our HBS Mock Interview and Post-Interview Reflection Support sessions. Through this service, you will work with an experienced mbaMission Senior Consultant who will have read your entire HBS application and prepared customized questions based on your candidacy. Through QA, feedback, and thorough response planning, we will help you improve the content of your answers, your time management skills, and your overall presentation. HBS asks all interviewed applicants to write a post-interview essay and submit it within 24 hours of their interview. This essay has no word limit, and HBS suggests that candidates think of it as an email they would write to a friend or colleague, rather than as a formal essay. As part of our targeted HBS interview package, an mbaMission Senior Consultant will help you strategize your approach to this special essay. Your consultant will also review a draft of the essay and provide feedback intended to assist you in making it stronger and more effective. Please note that because the HBS Admissions Office explicitly states that applicants are not to write anything in advance or receive outside help with this essay, your mbaMission Senior Consultant will not edit your writing but will instead offer detailed strategic direction via comments only. To purchase your HBS mock interview preparation session, click here! HBS INTERVIEW GUIDE Download your complimentary copy of mbaMissionâs Harvard Business School Interview Primer today. In creating our primers, we have drawn on countless communications with MBA students, alumni, admissions officers, and applicants, in addition to our vast library of interview reports submitted by current and past clients. Our HBS Interview Primer provides the following information: Insight into what the school is evaluating and hoping to gain from the interview An explanation of the schoolâs approach to interviewing (self-scheduled or invite only, blind versus comprehensive, etc.) Past applicantsâ firsthand accounts of their interview experiences and multiple sample interview question sequences Tips on preparing for and responding to questions that most typically vex applicants Help in formulating compelling questions of your own Good luck to all Round 1 applicants! If you believe you can benefit from one of our interview planning servicesâ"or simply would like some more information on the processâ"feel free to contact us anytime! Share ThisTweet Business School Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Interviews Managing the MBA Interview Blog Archive Harvard Business School Interview Invites Are Out! Here Are Some Helpful Resources Harvard Business School (HBS) will send out Round 1 interview invitations today, October 1, at noon eastern standard time. Notably, HBS will send only one batch of interview invites, along with notifications of âfurther considerationââ"for candidates to be considered in Round 2â"and âearly release.â HBSâs managing director of MBA admissions and financial aid, Chad Losee, addressed the impending invitations in a September 25 blog post: In the past, we sent out interviews in waves in order to better manage the interview sign-up process. We know that was hard to wait through multiple days. So we are doing it altogether this year, and we believe that we have a good process in place to manage the interview sign-ups all at once. But, may I ask for your patience if we need to work through any unanticipated challenges? Thank you! If you are among the candidates who receive an interview invitation today, congratulations! You will be able to sign up for interview slots tomorrow, Wednesday, October 2, at 10:00 a.m. eastern standard time. Now is the time to get ready for this crucial step in your application process. Check out these important resources created by mbaMission specifically for HBS interview candidates: FREE âDECODING THE HBS INTERVIEWâ WORKSHOP Predicting exactly what questions you will be asked in your HBS interview is impossible, given the dynamic nature of the meeting and the schoolâs individualized approach, but this does not mean you cannot prepare to navigate the interaction effectively and increase your chances of leaving your desired impression. We hope you will join us for our new âDecoding the HBS Interviewâ workshop at 8:00 pm ET on Wednesday, October 2, 2019, hosted by mbaMission HBS Interviewer in Residence Devi Vallabhaneni (HBS Class of 1997, former HBS admissions board candidate interviewer). In this 60-minute workshop, you will learn What makes the HBS interview so different from all other business school interviews The philosophy behind HBSâs approach How to prepare for the interview Coming out of the session, you will have a much better sense of what to expect in your HBS interview and steps you can take to ready yourself for it so you can approach your interview with competence and confidence. Space is limitedâ"enroll for free today! INTENSIVE SIMULATION Devi Vallabhaneni, a veteran admissions interviewer with years of experience interviewing hundreds of HBS candidates and mbaMissionâs HBS Interviewer in Residence, is offering online via webcam to help applicants prepare for the real thing. The live interview simulation includes the following components: Two or more 30-minute interview experiences customized to your application. Before your first session, Devi will spend several hours reviewing your written application, following the same process she used when conducting candidate interviews for HBS. This allows her to target her questions based on what she discovers about you from your application. Personalized feedback. After each interview session, Devi will provide you with targeted feedback, talking you through her impressions and offering strategic advice for improving your HBS interview skills. A reflection period. You will have time between your interview sessions with Devi to internalize the feedback and adjust accordingly before trying again. For more information and to secure your spot, please visit our HBS Intensive Interview Simulation page. MOCK INTERVIEW AND POST-INTERVIEW REFLECTION SUPPORT Another resource to help you prepare is our HBS Mock Interview and Post-Interview Reflection Support service. Through it, you work with an experienced mbaMission Senior Consultant who will have read your entire HBS application and prepared customized questions based on your candidacy. Via QA, feedback, and thorough response planning, we will help you improve the content of your answers, your time management skills, and your overall presentation. HBS asks all interviewed applicants to write a post-interview essay and submit it within 24 hours of their interview. This essay has no word limit, and HBS suggests that candidates think of it as an email they would write to a friend or colleague, rather than as a formal essay. As part of our targeted HBS interview package, an mbaMission Senior Consultant will help you strategize your approach to this special essay. Your consultant will also review a draft of the essay and provide feedback intended to assist you in making it stronger and more effective. Please note that because the HBS Admissions Office explicitly states that applicants are not to write anything in advance or receive outside help with this essay, your mbaMission Senior Consultant will not edit your writing but will instead offer detailed strategic direction via comments only. To purchase your HBS mock interview preparation session, click here! HBS INTERVIEW GUIDE Download your complimentary copy of mbaMissionâs Harvard Business School Interview Primer today. In creating our primers, we have drawn on countless communications with MBA students, alumni, admissions officers, and applicants, in addition to our vast library of interview reports submitted by current and past clients. Our HBS Interview Primer provides the following information: Insight into what the school is evaluating and hoping to gain from the interview An explanation of the schoolâs approach to interviewing (self-scheduled or invite only, blind versus comprehensive, etc.) Past applicantsâ firsthand accounts of their interview experiences and multiple sample interview question sequences Tips on preparing for and responding to questions that most typically vex applicants Help in formulating compelling questions of your own Good luck to all Round 1 applicants! If you believe you can benefit from one of our interview planning servicesâ"or simply would like some more information on the processâ"feel free to contact us anytime! Share ThisTweet Application Tips Business School Events Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Interviews mbaMission Events Blog Archive Harvard Business School Interview Invites Are Out! Here Are Some Helpful Resources Harvard Business School (HBS) will send out its first batch of Round 2 interview invitations today at noon eastern time. Recently, HBSâs admissions director, Chad Losee, addressed the impending invitations in a January 16 blog post: âAs I think you know, interviews happen with a member of the Admissions Board who has read your application and comes prepared for a friendly and deep conversation about your background. Remember that we are rooting for you! After holistically reading each application, we invite about 1 in 5 applicants to interview with us. Typically, just over half of those interviewed are admitted.â On January 31, HBS will release its final batch of interview invitations, along with notifications of âreleaseâ for those who are not invited to interview. If you are among the candidates who receive an interview invitation this week, congratulations! Now is the time to get ready for this crucial step in your application process. Check out these important resources created by mbaMission specifically for HBS interview candidates. INTENSIVE SIMULATION Devi Vallabhaneni, a veteran admissions interviewer with years of experience interviewing hundreds of HBS candidates and mbaMissionâs HBS Interviewer in Residence, will offer intensive interview simulations online via webcam to help HBS applicants prepare for the real thing. The live interview simulation includes the following components: Two or three 30-minute interview experiences customized to your application. Before your first session, Devi will spend several hours reviewing your written application, following the same process she used when conducting candidate interviews for HBS. This allows her to target her questions based on what she discovers about you from your application. Personalized feedback. After each interview session, Devi will provide you with targeted feedback, talking you through her impressions and offering strategic advice for improving your HBS interview skills. Reflection period. You will have time between your interview sessions with Devi so that you can internalize the feedback and adjust accordingly before trying again. For more information and to secure your spot, please visit our HBS Intensive Interview Simulation page. MOCK INTERVIEW AND POST-INTERVIEW REFLECTION SUPPORT Another option to help you prepare is our HBS Mock Interview and Post-Interview Reflection Support service. Through it, you work with an experienced mbaMission Senior Consultant who will have read your entire HBS application and prepared customized questions based on your candidacy. Via QA, feedback, and thorough response planning, we will help you improve the content of your answers, your time management skills, and your overall presentation. HBS asks all interviewed applicants to write a post-interview essay and submit it within 24 hours of their interview. This essay has no word limit, and HBS suggests that candidates think of it as an email they would write to a friend or colleague, rather than as a formal essay. As part of our targeted HBS interview package, an mbaMission Senior Consultant will help you strategize your approach to this special essay. Your consultant will also review a draft of the essay and provide feedback intended to assist you in making it stronger and more effective. Please note that because the HBS Admissions Office explicitly states that applicants are not to write anything in advance or receive outside help with this essay, your mbaMission Senior Consultant will not edit your writing but will instead offer detailed strategic direction via comments only. To purchase your HBS mock interview preparation session, click here! HBS INTERVIEW GUIDE Download your complimentary copy of mbaMissionâs Harvard Business School Interview Primer today. In creating our primers, we have drawn on countless communications with MBA students, alumni, admissions officers, and applicants, in addition to our vast library of interview reports submitted by current and past clients. Our HBS Interview Primer provides the following information: Insight into what the school is evaluating and hoping to gain from the interview An explanation of the schoolâs approach to interviewing (self-scheduled or invite only, blind versus comprehensive, etc.) Past applicantsâ firsthand accounts of their interview experiences and multiple sample interview question sequences Tips on preparing for and responding to questions that most typically vex applicants Help in formulating compelling questions of your own Good luck to all Round 2 applicants! If you believe you can benefit from one of our interview planning servicesâ"or simply would like some more information on the processâ"feel free to contact us anytime! Share ThisTweet Application Tips Business School Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Interviews Managing the MBA Interview celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-51991856542109540542020-05-25T11:11:00.001-07:002020-05-25T11:11:05.612-07:00Theme Of Monsters In Beowulf - 758 Words Monsters. Theyââ¬â¢re everywhere, from Sulley in Monsters Inc., to the iconic role of Dracula, to being key figures in literature and film.These creatures are recurring characters due to the reactions they invoke from the audience and other characters of the work. Despite (or due to) their gruesome nature and physical appearance, monsters are able to tap into the spiritual, social, and psychological aspect of people to capture their fascination. The placement of monsters in many stories and films fulfills two main purposes. The first purpose is to serve as the ultimate test of strength and bravery, allowing protagonists to prove their heroic worth and highlight othersââ¬â¢ inability to properly defend themselves. In Beowulf, there are threeâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦To humans, monsters are captivating due to their place, or lack of a place, in the human world. These creatures donââ¬â¢t belong in human society, as they are noticeably different from other creatures and humans with their deformed features and malevolent nature. Thereââ¬â¢s often curiosity surrounding the unknown, which also explains the fascination with monsters. Monster is a loose term for the many different kinds of creatures that have the same characteristics of being large, ugly, and frightening. However, they vary in their destruction and difficulty, as some could be small-time offenders who rarely encroach on human territory. In Beowulf, Grendel and his mother prove to be quite a challenge to the Danes and the Geats compared to the dragon. This can be attributed to their mysterious origins and nature, as well as the nature of warriors at the time. Grendel and his mother have been isolated from human society for years before coming out to wreak havoc on the Danes. With little to no information on them, itââ¬â¢s difficult to fight them, especially with their supernatural strength and magic. Traditional methods donââ¬â¢t seem to work on these demons, as ââ¬Å"the sharpest and hardest iron could not scratch at [Grendel]â⬠(lines 801-802). Instead, Beowulf had to fight Grendel himself using his bare hands. Similarly, Beowulf was left to fight Grendelââ¬â¢s mother without any of his weapons, wrestling with her before fatallyShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Fight In Beowulf798 Words à |à 4 PagesRomane Cadot ELA 12 Theme of Beowulf Theme of fight: First of all I will to give you a definition of fight: Fight means limited engagement in space and time of enemy land, air or naval formations. Learn more about. In the book Beowulf we witness 3 fights, this theme is therefore the articulation of the book. Indeed, these fights that Beowulf delivers, the hero of history, intrigues the reader. Thats why I chose this theme. During the fighting the reader can feel suspense, will the heroRead MoreGood vs. Evil Found in Beowulf807 Words à |à 3 PagesGood vs. Evil Found in Beowulf In the story of Beowulf, there are many different themes found. Many people argue the main theme found in this story. This has been argued for a very long time and will go on for many more years to come. 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In the novel Beowulf , to me, the main theme of the entire story is heroism. Beowulf is your knight in shining armor or your fire fighter who goes into a living hell to save a kitten. Heroism is scattered all over this epic poem. Sure paganism and christianity are in it as well as good vs evil but they are not as i would say the backbone of Beowulf. to prove my opinion I shall gather quotes from the epic novel wouldRead MoreBeowulf Movie Critic Essay709 Words à |à 3 PagesBeowulf Movie Critic Do you envision a strong female role or a male role as your hero? In my opinion the Beowulf movie was a thumbs up, due to Angelina Jolieââ¬â¢s use of seduction and female wiles. Angelina is a critical character who drives the plot. In the movie, her character of Grendelââ¬â¢s mother overshadows Beowulfââ¬Ës character as a hero. This is in drastic contrast to the original poem ââ¬ËBeowulfââ¬â¢ because in the original, women were not valued and they had no important role. Grendelââ¬â¢s mother differsRead MoreBeowulf As An English Poem1321 Words à |à 6 Pages1000, was Beowulf. The copy of Beowulf was actually dated to the years around 1000, in the time that was rich in Anglo-Saxon literature (pg. 107). During the ninth century, Beowulf was translated by Seamus Heaney, which is the one that it is mostly known now. Although Beowulf is seen as an English poem, its subject matter is not about English people. Its purpose was to express the idea of honor, good, and the be lief in God. Furthermore, its principles were about defeating the monsters with the powerRead More Essay Comparing Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki976 Words à |à 4 PagesBeowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki à à à There are so many similarities between the hero of the poem Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki, an Iceland saga representing 1000 years of oral traditions prior to the 1300ââ¬â¢s when it was written, that these similarities cannot be attributed solely to coincidence. à The Cambridge History of English and American Literature states that the hero of the poem, Beowulf himself, may be the same person as Bodvar Biarki, the chief of HrolfrRead MoreEssay on Beowulf study guide1576 Words à |à 7 Pages1) Describe how we find King Hrothgar and his response to learning that Beowulf has come to his kingdom. A. The king is sad and depressed that his kingdom has fallen into such a state of disrepair. He is overjoyed to learn that Beowulf, whom he knows from stories and his father, Ecgtheow, has come to fight Grendel. Hrothgar promises Beowulf treasure if he can defeat the monster. 2) In the beginning of ââ¬Å"Beowulf,â⬠King Hrothgarââ¬â¢s hall has been deserted for twelve years. In a short essay, tell whyRead MoreBeowulf As A Modern Hero Essay794 Words à |à 4 Pagesremembered whereas today, things have shimmered down. Beowulfââ¬â¢s effectiveness as a modern-day hero has taught us something that will stick forever, loyalty, courage, and bravery. Beowulf has many characteristics that portray what is found in the Christian religion. What makes his personality so static is not only the want that Beowulf has for fame, but also the actions and responsibilities that he takes on along with that task. Doing this or the reputation that he also has the need to desire, he has a deeperRead MoreTheme Of Good And Evil In Beowulf882 Words à |à 4 PagesIn the epic poem, Beowulf, perhaps the most important theme seen throughout is the portrayal of good and evil, and how this portrayal impacts the story. The epic poem is about an epic hero, Beowulf, who is completely thought of as a good character and a strong warrior. The unknown author of this poem makes Beowulf out to be, ultimately, a glorified killer of the perceived monsters. However, the poem in and of itself is an opinionated story which gives the bare amount of opposition to show that perhaps celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-81558763183428285892020-05-14T18:05:00.001-07:002020-05-14T18:05:04.315-07:00Who Were the Argonauts The Argonauts, in Greek mythology,à are the fiftyà heroes, led by Jason,à whoà sailed on a ship called the Argoà on a quest to bring back the Golden Fleece around 1300 BC, before the Trojan War.à à The Argonauts got their name by combining the name of the ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus,à with the ancient Greek word, naut, meaning voyager.à The story of Jason and the Argonauts is one of the best-known tales of Greek mythology. Apollonius of Rhodes In the 3rd century B.C., at the multicultural center of learning at Alexandria, in Egypt, Apollonius of Rhodes, a well-known Greek author,à wrote a famous epic poem about theà Argonauts. Apollonius named his poemà The Argonautica. It begins: (ll. 1-4) Beginning with thee, O Phoebus, I will recount the famous deeds of men of old, who, at the behest of King Pelias, down through the mouth of Pontus and between the Cyanean rocks, sped well-benched Argo in quest of the golden fleece. According to the myth, King Pelias in Thessaly, who usurped the throne from his half-brother King Aeson, sent Jason, son of King Aeson and the rightful heir to the throne, on a dangerous quest to bring back the Golden Fleece,à which was held by Aeetes, king of Colchis, in an area located at the eastern end of theà Black Seaà (known in Greek as the Euxine Sea).à Pelias promised to give up the throne to Jason if he returned with the Golden Fleece, but didnt intend for Jason to return, since the journey was perilous and the Golden Fleece was very well-guarded.à Jason gathered together the noblest heroes and demigods of the time, packed them on board a special boat called the Argo, and the aptly-named Argonauts set sail. They engaged in many adventures on their way to Colchis, including storms; an adversarial king, Amycus, who challenged every passing traveler to a boxing match; Sirens, monstrousà sea-nymphs who lured sailors to death with their song; andà Symplegades, rocks that could crush the boat as it passed through them. Several of the men were tested in different ways, prevailed, and enhanced their heroic status during the journey.à Some of the creatures they encountered appear in other stories of the Greek heroes, making the story of the Argonauts a central myth. Apollonius of Rhodesà gives us our most complete version of the Argonauts, but the Argonauts are mentioned throughout ancient classical literature. The list of the heroes varies somewhat depending on the author.à The list of Argonauts by Apollonius of Rhodesà includes such luminaries as Hercules (Heracles), Hylas, the Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux), Orpheus, and Laocoon.à Gaius Valerius Flaccus Gaius Valerius Flaccus was a first century Roman poet who wrote an Argonautica in Latin. Had he lived to complete his twelve-book poem, it would have been the longest poem about Jason and the Argonauts. He drew on Apollonius epic poem and many other ancient sources for his own poem, of which he completed barely half before he died. Flaccus list includes some names that arent on Apollonius list and excludes others. Apollodorus Apollodorus wrote a different list, which includes the heroine Atalanta, whom Jason denied in Apollonius version, but who is included by Diodorus Siculus, the first century Greek historian who wrote the monumentalà universal history, Bibliotheca historica. Apollodorusà list also includesà Theseus, who was previously engaged in Apollonius version. Pindar According toà Timeless Myths,à the earliest version of the list of Argonauts comes from Pindar Pythian Ode IV. Pindar was a poet of the 5th-6th century BCE. His list of Argonauts consists of:à Jason,à Heracles, Castor, Polydeuces, Euphemus, Periclymenus,à Orpheus, Erytus, Echion, Calais, Zetes, Mopsus. Verification of Myth Recent discoveries by geologists from Georgia suggest that the myth of Jason and Argonauts was based on an actual event. The geologists researched geological data, archaeological artifacts, myths, and historical sources surrounding the ancient Georgian kingdom of Colchis and found that the myth of Jason and the Argonauts was based on an actual voyage that took place 3,300 to 3,500 years ago to obtain the secrets of the ancient gold extraction technique used in Colchis using sheepskin. It seems that Colchisà was rich with gold which the natives mined with special wooden vessels and sheepskins. A sheepskin embedded with golden gravel and dust would be the logical source of the mythical Golden Fleece.à à Resources and Further Reading Jason and the Argonauts Through the Ages, Jason Colavito,à http://www.argonauts-book.com/ List of the Argos Crew, Timeless Myths,à https://www.timelessmyths.com/classical/argocrew.html Evidence Suggests Jason and the Golden Fleece Was Based on True Events,à http://www.sciencealert.com/new-evidence-suggests-jason-and-the-golden-fleece-was-based-on-true-eventshttp://www.sciencealert.com/new-evidence-suggests-jason-and-the-golden-fleece-was-based-on-true-events celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-44906587285315693692020-05-06T15:32:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:32:26.270-07:00Strategic Marketing Plan for a Water Bottling Company [pic] Strategic Marketing Plan for Water Mart Systems (Pvt.) Ltd [pic] Index Page |1.0 INTRODUCTION |3 | | 1.1 - Definitions for marketing |3 | | 1.2 ââ¬â The role and the importance of marketing in strategic planning |3 | | 1.3 - Introduction to the company ââ¬â Water Mart Systems (Pvt.) Ltd |5 | |â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦CONCLUTION |20 | | | | |7. REFERENCES |21 | 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 - Definitions for marketing American Marketing Association (AMA) defines marketing as ââ¬Å"Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for Creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stake holdersâ⬠(Source: Kotler, Philip Keller, Kevin Lane ââ¬Å"Marketing Managementâ⬠, 12th Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc, 2006, p 6) The Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM), which is the worlds largest marketing body, defines marketing as The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements. (Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing) 1.3 ââ¬â The role and the importance of marketing in strategic planning Planning at the corporate level (Strategic planning) sets the stage for the rest of the planning of the firm. StrategicShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mix Of The Waters Bottling Company1434 Words à |à 6 PagesMarketing is the process of communicating and presenting products and services to the consumers. The main function of a company is to make sure that there is a concentrated marketing plan. Establishing a well-functioning marketing plan will go a long way into implementing viable competitive strategies for an organization (Walker, 2003). If the marketing department is properly in place, the company will be able to get a better positioning within the market and this will help satisfying customers andRead MoreCoca Col A Non Alcoholic Innovation Of The Famous Vin1396 Words à |à 6 Pagesdyspepsia. 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The company is facing many challenges in todayââ¬â¢s market because of forces such as the availability of natural resources, socio-economic trends andRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Co ca Cola Company1249 Words à |à 5 PagesEsteban D. Romero PHL/320 March 23, 2016 Dr. David Aiken Company Overview The Coca-Cola Company is a leading giant in the soft drink manufacturing industry. The company creates, produces, distributes and markets non-alcoholic beverage syrups and concentrates to bottlers worldwide to produce soft drinks, and artificially carbonated beverages. The Coca-Cola Company boasts more than 500 brands, including waters, juice drinks, and ready-to-drink coffees, teas, and energy and sports drinksRead MoreCoca Cola And The Carbonated Soft Drink1674 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo are two industry leaders in the carbonated soft drink (CSD) industry and are strong rivals of each other in the worldââ¬â¢s beverage market. 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Answer: When it comes to the oil and gas industry the operations may be classified as intricate, unsafe and costly operations and they generally keep going on for quite an extended period of time. Given the nature of the work undertaken by this industry, special contracts are utilized in overseeing connections among different parties occupied with these operations. Inferable from the intricacy of operations and relations between different elements, the oil and gas industry is inclined to different sorts of disputes (Bowman, 2001). Disputes might emerge in territories, for example, worldwide maritime boundary claims; equipment-related claims; claims over jurisdiction; master determination; claims identifying with amount and nature of merchandise; insurance issues and sometimes hedging (Connerty, 2002). Thus, to ensure that none of the above reasons or more hampers the progress of oil and gas operations it is essentially important to remember that proper methods for determining such disputes a re concurred by the involved parties. It may be stated that the parties involved in oil and gas industry decide to go for agreed dispute determination (ADR) instead of alluding those disputes to national courts. ADR in some jurisdiction is known as alternate dispute resolution. ADR generally alludes to all methods for dispute settlement other than litigation which incorporates mediation, arbitration, expert determination, negotiation arrangements as well as conciliations This article is separated into three principle segments. In the principal segment the researcher talks about the two important types of arbitration. In the second segment, the components and contrasts of the significant international arbitral foundations are highlighted. The basis of the paper is the third segment which centers the discourses on the variables which make international arbitration more desirable over litigation, especially in the context of oil and gas industry disputes. The exposition infers that, the international arbitration is preferred to litigation in the oil and gas industry due its nonpartisanship, economy, simplicity in terms of implementation and time. Arbitration is likewise supported in light of the fact that it is viewed as non adversarial and it maintains all forms of confidentiality. Additionally it provides the parties the much necessary aspect of self autonomy when it comes to the determination of their dispute. Arbitration is a type of ADR which permits differences between two parties to be determined outside of the traditional court framework. In an arbitration case the parties to a dispute will allude it to one or more persons -more commonly known as the "judges" or an 'arbitral tribunal'. it is by the choice of these judges or arbitral tribunals that that parties in question involved in the dispute consent to be bound. International business arbitration can either be institutional or ad-hoc arbitration. While under the institutional arbitration process, the parties forming the dispute consent to present a dispute for the process of determination by a specific arbitral organization, the ad-hoc arbitration procedure is not administered by an establishment (Shuman-Powell, Esq., 2010). There are several advantages of institutional arbitration. First, it incorporates the accessibility of pre-built up standards and procedures which guarantee the arbitration procedures start in an opportune way. Further advantages incorporates administrative help from the foundation, which as a rule gives a secretariat or court of arbitration; a rundown of qualified mediators to browse; help with urging hesitant parties to continue with arbitration; and a set up arrangement with a demonstrated record (Martin and Anshan, 2001). Regardless of its advantages, institutional arbitration has a few negetive sides which incorporate administrative charges for governance and utilization of the offices, which can be significant if there is a substantial sum in dispute which often becomes more than the real sum in dispute. In these conditions, the organization from inside of the foundation, can lead to defers and additional expenses. Moreover the required time for the process is often considered to be unrealistic (Al-Barashdi, 2015). In ad hoc arbitration, parties to the disputes choose authorities and standards outside the built up arbitrations. One of the advantages of ad hoc arbitration is the fact that it is very cost effective (Blanke, 2008). In ad hoc arbitration there are no charges payable to arbitral establishment and charges payable to mediators are arranged specifically between the parties and judges. Likewise, ad hoc arbitration is thought to be adaptable as it permits parties to decide a few angles, for example, decision or surrounding of tenets, decision of venue and referees. Practically speaking, ad hoc arbitration is proper for settlement of disputes identifying with small claims or poor parties (Stanley, 2012). The major disadvantages of the Ad hoc form of arbitration is the it has a tendency to depend on the parties willingness to agree upon the arbitration procedures foregoing the fact that they are already in a dispute. Moreover, if the parties previously have had disagreed to the terms of arbitration before the onset of the dispute, it remains very unlikely that they would agree to the same after the onset of the dispute. Thus in such cases, the dispute resolution gets halted and the parties have no other option left but to go for litigation processes (Stanley, 2012). International arbitration is considered to be a popular method of dispute resolution especially in the oil and gas industry. Here onwards the researcher would describe the different reasons that make this procedure a more preferable method as compared to litigation. Oil and gas contracts as often as possible include parties from various national jurisdictions. In practice, it is often noticed that the contracting parties remain unwilling to be subject to the national jurisdiction of another country or party which is likely to happen if the parties were to present a dispute to the courts of the host country (Ewing, 2014). With a specific end goal to stay away from a 'nation of origin point of interest' of the other party, it is normal for parties to choose arbitration as a means of dispute resolution for the lack of bias of the forum18. Under arbitration, parties concur in the agreement or after the dispute has emerged for nonpartisan arbitrators (McArthur, 2014), unbiased arbitral institution (Bergsten and KroÃÅ'Ãâ ll, 2011), impartial tenets and nonpartisan seat of arbitration (Lew et al., 2003). So as to guarantee the lack of bias of arbitrators, the ICC Rules requires that "in affirming or naming authorities, the Court might consider the planned mediator's nationality, home and different associations with the nations of which the parties or alternate judges are nationals." (Moses, 2008). This necessity is started on the regular law rule of nemo debet esse judex in propria causa, that is, nobody can be a judge in his own particular case (Schwarzenberger, 2012). The fundamental objective is to guarantee that the chosen arbitrators are fair-minded and autonomous in their choice. The International Bar Association (IBA) Rules of Ethics for International Arbitrators obliges judges to be free from bias (Kurkela and Snellman, 2005). These Rules go further to give components of predisposition in particular favoritism and dependence (Kyungbae, 2008). Impartiality or absence of autonomy with respect to a mediator is a ground for testing the arbitrator on the basis of public policies ( Kumar, 2014). Like all other ADR processes, Arbitration provides the involved parties with a level of autonomy. When it comes to the principle, the autonomy related to parties is considered to be the fundamental principle. International commercial Arbitration values their fundamental principle related to the party autonomy. However, in both international and national laws regarding arbitration has included the principle of party attorney in it. As per Article 19 of UNICITRAL Model law, subject to the provision of this Law, the Parties are free to agree on the procedure to be followed by arbitral tribunal in conducting the proceedings (UNCITRAL, 2007). The arbitration act of United Kingdom has recognized the issue of the freedom of parties regarding the solution through which they can easily solved their dispute. Parties have the right to choose their own arbitrators. But these rights to the parties are limited only in ad hoc arbitration and in institutional arbitration. Not only that, but the part ies are also free to choose the seat of their arbitrators and also the law of arbitration which will govern the proceedings. The governing law of arbitration is also known as lex causae (Landolt, 2006). There are cases in institutional arbitration, where the parties also failed to choose not only their arbitrator but also the seat of arbitration. However, in such instances, the arbitral institution is liable to choose the arbitrator and the seat of arbitration on behalf of their parties. The important part of this act is that the arbitrators who are being chosen are the expertise from the oil and gas industry. On the other hand, it is also not necessary that the magistrates and the judge need to be expert in the industry. Various laws are provided under national law. One of them is important where the law states that the judge will be appointed by the state and the rules which will be applicable are also be promulgated by the state. Moreover, the venue will be decided by the jurisdi ction (Weiler, 2005). Thus, where the argument arises regarding any proceedings in court litigation is considered to be formal in nature and it is also adhere to the chosen procedure of the law. However, the parties do not have any control over the litigation procedure. The case can only be controlled by some of the specific individual namely: judge, representative of the parties in oil and gas disputes. Various factors are prevailed for which the preference of arbitration is much more compare to litigation. This is because litigation is more expensive that the arbitration. Apart from the cost effectiveness, litigation also has another important disadvantage that it is very time consuming. Fees payable to the appointed advocates or may be appointed barriers are the reason of increasing the cost in case of litigation. The court process gets lengthy as there prevail various appeal proceeding. However, there is also some controversy regarding this topic. Some of the people believe and also stated that arbitration is not at all cost effective in nature compare to litigation in cases of international arbitration. Parties who are related to the gas or oil dispute always consider the time that is being taken for their legal proceedings (McArthur, 2014). This is because within the consumed time the dispute will get resolved. The time of consumption of an arbitral proceeding is less because t he discovery level is low. Moreover, all the awards are non-appealable in nature but there are also some exceptional cases for it. It is also stated by many researcher that arbitration is more advantages compare to litigation. One of the main features of ADR processes is that the proceeding related to ADR processes are kept confidential. Parties who are under the arbitration agreement always agree to keep the documents related to the proceeding including the evidences and also the orders as confidential (Mourre, 2008). Thus, this act as an advantage on the part of the arbitration compare to litigation. In case of Litigation, the documents, evidences and every other thing related to the proceeding are open to public save in most of the cases. The power is being given upon the third party regarding the privacy of the arbitration process and they has ability to access the proceedings and also the ability to disclose the facts of the arbitration proceeding (Alqurashi, 2005). However, they are not liable to take the consent of the parties before disclosing the facts to the public. The controversy arises regarding the confidentiality of the arbitration proceeding from various factors which are being already disc ussed above. But it is also true that the arbitration proceedings are not confidential because information resulted from the proceedings may become public in future. Thus from the above discussion it may be inferred that there are several different reasons because of which individuals who are party to oil and gas contracts would prefer arbitration as a means to dispute resolution as compared to opting for litigation. in a nutshell, it may be stated that arbitration helps by choosing a neutral venue for the dispute resolution process and the arbitrators are also individuals who have no connection with the host country or the disputed country. In short, neutrality is strictly maintained even in the case of the arbitrators (Martin and Anshan, 2001). Most importantly, arbitration is considered to be a non-adversarial method that helps in dispute resolution and is premised upon the need for the two parties to come to a situation that takes into account both their benefits. This helps the parties involved to maintain a good relationship with one another even after the dispute resolution process has ended. This is considered to be the most crucial issue since it ensures that the continuity in oil and gas operations is successfully maintained. References Al-Barashdi, S. (2015). The efficiency of alternative dispute resolutions in the Oil and Gas Industry. International Journal of Administrative and Business Studies, 1(2), pp.41-44. Alqurashi, Z. (2005). International oil and gas arbitration. [Place of publication not identified]: Alexander's Gas Oil Connections. Bergsten, E. and KroÃÅ'Ãâ ll, S. (2011). International arbitration and international commercial law. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Blanke, G. (2008). Institutional versus Ad Hoc Arbitration: A European Perspective. ERA Forum, 9(2), pp.275-282. Bowman, J. (2001). Dispute Resolution Planning for the Oil and Gas Industry. ICSID Review, 16(2), pp.332-407. Connerty, A. (2002). Dispute Resolution in the Oil and Gas Industries. Journal of Energy Natural Resources Law, 20(2), pp.144-171. Ewing, S. (2014). Best of the oil gas law colloquium. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Pennsylvania Bar Institute. Kumar, L. (2014). The Independence and Impartiality of Arbitrators in International Commercial Arbitration. SSRN Electronic Journal. Kurkela, M. and Snellman, H. (2005). Due process in international commercial arbitration. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, Inc. Kyungbae, K. (2008). A Study on the Impartiality and Independence of Arbitrators. journalofarbitrationstudies, 18(1), pp.31-47. Landolt, P. (2006). Modernised EC competition law in international arbitration. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Lew, J., Mistelis, L. and KroÃÅ'Ãâ ll, S. (2003). Comparative international commercial arbitration. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Martin, J. and Anshan, M. (2001). Alternative dispute resolution for oil and gas practitioners. Chicago, IL: Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources. McArthur, J. (2014). Oil and gas implied covenants for the twenty-first century. New York: Juris. Moses, M. (2008). The principles and practice of international commercial arbitration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mourre, A. (2008). The Set-off Paradox in International Arbitration. Arbitration International, 24(3), pp.387-404. Newman, L. and Hill, R. (2008). The leading arbitrators' guide to international arbitration. Huntington, N.Y.: Juris Pub. Schwarzenberger, G. (2012). International law as applied by international courts and tribunals. 10th ed. London: Stevens. Shuman-Powell, Esq., R. (2010). Hamilton v. Burr: An Alternative Dispute Resolution Perspective. SSRN Electronic Journal. Stanley, C. (2012). Traps for the unwary: the pitfalls of ad hoc arbitration. Trusts Trustees, 18(4), pp.332-340. Weiler, T. (2005). International investment law and arbitration. London: Cameron May. Won-Suk Oh, and Yongil Kim, (2009). A Comparative Study on the Institutional Arbitration and Ad Hoc Arbitration. journalofarbitrationstudies, 19(1), pp.25-44. www.uncitral.org. (2007). UNITED NATIONS UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. [online] Available at: https://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/ml-arb/07-86998_Ebook.pdf [Accessed 26 Mar. 2016]. celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-78231719997675240742020-04-10T09:02:00.001-07:002020-04-10T09:02:02.978-07:00Constitutional Republic Essays - Politics, Veto, Constitutional Republic Between 1787 and 1791 the Framers of the US Constitution established a system of government upon principles that had been discussed and partially implemented in many countries over the course of several centuries, but never before in such a pure and complete design, which we call a constitutional republic. Since then, the design has often been imitated, but important principles have often been ignored in those imitations, with the result that their governments fall short of being true republics or truly constitutional. The Framers of the Constitution tried very hard to design a system that would not allow any one person or group within the government to gain too much power. Personally, I think they succeeded. In order to guard against what one of the Founding Fathers called an excess of democracy, the Constitution was built with many ways to limit the government's power. Among these methods were separating the three branches, splitting the legislature so laws are carefully considered , and requiring members of Congress to meet certain criteria to qualify for office. The Founders did leave a few problems along with their system. Separation of power was very effective. The three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) are kept separate, and each has different powers. Congress has legislative, or law making, powers. Legislative powers are further divided between two legislative bodies. The President has the power to carry out, or execute, the laws. Lastly, the Judicial branch had the judging power, used to interpret the laws. Some powers were delegated to the central national government, while others are reserved to the component states or the people. In addition, each branch is able to restrain or balance the powers of the other two branches upon abuse of their power. If the President is suspected of unlawful acts, he can be impeached, or tried by the Senate for misusing his power. The Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. If he is found guilty, he can be punished but his sentence can be no more than being thrown out of office and being forbidden to hold any government office. Furthermore, if the President wants to spend money, his request must pass through Congress, since it has control over spending. Lastly, Congress can re-pass a bill that was vetoed by the President. Congress also has checks and balances against itself. The President can veto a bill from Congress, and although Congress can override a veto, obtaining a two-thirds vote to do so is very difficult. Public speeches by the President may also concern the public with an issue, putting pressure on Congress to act upon it. The Judicial branch exerts control over the other two by deciding whether or not actions made by the President or Congress, i.e., laws are constitutional . The limitations on and difficulties of passing laws are very, very important. The split legislature creates a more complicated maze through which laws must find their way before being passed. First, a law must be introduced in either the House of Representatives or the Senate, the former having sole power to introduce laws concerning revenue. After the law is introduced, it must be approved by the other house, who may agree with, amend, or discard the law. Once both houses have agreed on the law, however, the President must approve it. If he does not, he may also amend it and return it to its originating house for reconsideration. If both houses then agree on the amended bill by a two third majority vote, it can be passed. The bill also becomes a law if the President does not return it to Congress within ten days (except Sundays) of his receiving of it. The labyrinth of Clerks, which is not even mentioned in the Constitution, makes law passing far more difficult, resulting in only th e passing of laws that have been extremely carefully considered. The reason that Congress is careful is because they are responsible for deciding matters that will have a great impact on the country. The President is able to make decisions quickly in order to react to urgent matters in a timely fashion, for example, not too long ago, Bill Clinton ordered an attack on Afghanistan, it celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-14308917417926654372020-03-09T20:44:00.001-07:002020-03-09T20:44:02.360-07:00Animal rights essaysAnimal rights essays Many humans use animals for testing each year. Animal testing is when the animals are put through something or injected to see how they react to what medical research they have been used for. There are three very important reasons why animals should not be used for testing harmful or dangerous materials. One of these is that testing and its use is trivial in the cosmetic industry. The second reason is that animals have rights and animals can feel pleasure and pain just as humans do. The third reason is that testing is cruel and unusual. Another reason is that animal testing and its use is trivial in the cosmetic industry. Testing on animals for the cosmetic industry is not necessary because they have many other ways to find out if it harms the human race. The testing that goes on is harmful to the animals and can cause serious side effects. The cosmetic companies hold down bunnies in vices and spray the cosmetics into their eyes to see if it causes them redness, stinging, or even blindness. They also have baboons strapped down with their heads in vices to do certain tests on them. Animals are also used by pharmaceutical companies to produce drugs and health supplements. They estimate that 17 to 22 million animals are used each year for medical research, and these estimates do not include rats, mice, fish, and farm animals. That means that 90% of all research animals are not included in the statistics. Too many animals are being tested and they do not even need to use the animals for these tests. They ca n use computer software materials and get the same results. One more point is that animals do have rights. The activists of the animal rights movements do not claim that animals are the moral equivalent of humans, just that their feelings deserve some consideration. Animals are just as alive as we are and they follow the course as we do, they find food, they produce offspring, they overcome challenges, theref ... celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-72174440113426624412020-02-22T11:10:00.001-08:002020-02-22T11:10:03.112-08:00Questions from School Law and the Public School Book AssignmentQuestions from School Law and the Public School Book - Assignment Example A state that promotes liberty and free will knows when not to mix state affairs with religion. Separation of church and state is paramount in bringing up a society that respects freedom of religion, and which enables people to tolerate othersââ¬â¢ religions. The state therefore must not side with one religion over another, or promote the creeds of one religion over another. Although all religions should be taught in schools, the government should not foster the spread of certain religions over others. Students should be given the freedom to choose which religion to belong to, without their schools indicating support of any religion. In the first situation, allowing the Local Church Association to donate a copy of the Ten Commands to be placed in the hallway would be a plus for students who profess that religion. However, it is discriminatory because it highlights the basic teachings of that religion over other religions. It indicates a preference of that religion, which would not be taken very kindly by students whom it does not represent. Placing the Ten Commands in the hallway of the school symbolizes an endorsement of that religion by the school administration. Additionally, the act may influence students to follow the commands and profess the beliefs of that religion. Therefore, the act violates Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. It fails the three prongs of the Lemon test in that it does not have a secular legislative purpose. Secondly, it has a primary effect of advancing that particular religion. Thirdly, it results in ââ¬Å"excessive government entanglementâ⬠in that it displays direct contact with church authorities (Essex, 2011). In the second situation, applying the lemon test would render starting a Bible club in School a violation of the Establishment Clause. This stipulates that the school is not allowed to establish any religious group including a church. Since the religious group in the school would promote particular religious precepts, this implies that the wellbeing of other religions would be compromised. Furthermore, it is worth appreciating that the school program is already established. Arguably, fixing the religious club as one of the options that students have during the clubââ¬â¢s period implies that the school administration considers it equally important and would actually give it an opportunity when given a chance. This contravenes the provisions of the lemon principles that prohibit the government from advancing or inhibiting religion. In the third situation, I would give the non denominational a chance to conduct prayers on a rotational issue, just like the previous principal. From the outlook, the school community is appreciative of religion and does not force its members to participate in the prayers. Furthermore, the prayers do not unfairly promote the beliefs, values and practices of a single region. This is consistent with the provisions of the Est ablishment clause that seeks to uphold the respective state of affairs (Essex, 2011). Question 2 Although the school is responsible for providing religious education, it should not promote the religious precepts of any particular religion. In addition, the students should be at liberty to choose which religious principles to support and promote. Relative decisions need to be personal and should not be influenced by the school admini celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-22026747912789301852020-02-06T03:57:00.001-08:002020-02-06T03:57:02.340-08:00Critical Evaluation of Supply Chain Design, Management and Resource EssayCritical Evaluation of Supply Chain Design, Management and Resource Planning at Kraft Foods - Essay Example The company was founded in 1923. Previously, this company had focused on the industry of ice creams in North America and expanded the organisation to enter the dairy market. Kraft Foods basically produces various delicious foods according to the demand and the mood of the consumers and the company also promises a superior quality of the produced food. Kraft Foods has recently took over Cadbury and the company has an objective to spread its businesses all over the world. Kraft Foods is one of the most well known company which deals in branded beverages and foods. It is the largest food manufacturing organisation in the United States, and the second largest organisation in the world within the food manufacturing industry (Kraft Foods, 2011). In the study the major objective would be to highlight and to critically evaluate the various operational functions of Kraft Foods, and their importance in accruing a better competitive advantage. The study also involves the Enterprise Information System (EIS) and its critical evaluation to analyse the knowledge management system of the company. The paper would also include recommendations to support the argument along with conclusion (Kraft Foods, 2011). Discussion Critical Evaluation of the Organisationââ¬â¢s Operational Management Structures and Systems in Relation to the Theoretical Principles, Concepts, Models/Framework Kraft Foods ensures a good and effective operational segment within the organisation. The company has focused on the quality, the design, and the effectiveness of the products produced by the organisation. Alike every other company, Kraft Foods also has certain operational functions, which help the company to gain a growth in the market as well as help to achieve a competitive advantage. The various operational areas involve product and service design, product quality, capacity planning, inventory control, resource planning and supply chain management (Kraft Foods, 2011). Product and Service Design Pro duct and service design are few of the most important areas in operational activities of a company. Product and service, these are the two important factors which link an organisation to its customers. Designing a product is the process of generating new ideas to create a new product and it depends upon the needs and the demands of the customers. Product design involves certain steps, such as, design brief, specification of the design, designing the concept, testing, designing the detail, further testing, manufacturing and sales. Each and every organisation generally follows these steps. Similar to product design, service design is also an important factor in organisational operations. Service design is the process of innovation of a new product or improving the existing product for making them more usable for the customers. The major goal of the service oriented companies is to design their service properly before delivering it to the customers, and it is also important to provide after sale service to the consumers (Moritz, 2005). Kraft Foods also ensures a good product and servi celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-53970524958868676802020-01-28T16:18:00.001-08:002020-01-28T16:18:03.354-08:00Three Pane Model Essay Example for Free Three Pane Model Essay Utility for Business Managers: Firms resort to macroeconomic analysis to make rational judgments about the effects of global events or policy shocks on the economy and thereby on the business environment. But such analysis is often laden with possibilities for logical missteps. The Three- Pane model (open economy IS/LM model) is discussed here as a tool for explaining key relationships in the economy while avoiding the missteps encountered in macroeconomic analysis. What is open economy macroeconomics? Macroeconomic analysis helps firms to explore the interrelationships among a whole host of markets, while microeconomics focuses on variables like price and quantity, cost and revenue in individual markets. Macroeconomic analysis can be closed-economy or open -economy. Closed-economy macroeconomics deals with movements in and relationships among aggregate variables such as National Income, rate of interest, the aggregate price level, rate of inflation etc. Open economy macroeconomics makes the analysis complete by adding analysis of capital flows, international trade and exchange rate. The objective of this note is to introduce the Three-paned or Open-economy IS/LM model. As we will see, this model is an extension of the simple closed-economy IS/LM model. A Little Bit of History: The IS/LM closed economy model was introduced by the British Economist, Sir John Hicks in 1937. The IS/LM model denotes the simultaneous equilibrium of the two key markets in a market economy, product (real) market and the money market. IS represents real/product market equilibrium and LM, money market equilibrium. IS refers to the fundamental relationship between Investment (I) and Saving(S). LM represents the relationship between L, the demand for money, and M, the supply of money. The open economy version of IS/LM is credited to two economists, Robert Mundell Marcus Fleming and hence called the Mundell-Fleming model. The three-paned model we are discussing here is pretty close to the Mundell-Fleming model. This model is best suited for discussing short-to-medium term changes in the economy, i.e., changes over a few years. The Three-Paned Model [Large Open Economy IS/LM Model]. The model as presented in the below diagram has three panes with one graph in each pane. (1) Pane I depicts the IS/LM model [product money market]. Point ââ¬Ëeââ¬â¢ in the first graph represents the equilibrium rate of interest and the corresponding level of output/income at which, both the product and money markets are in simultaneous equilibrium. (2) Pane II [capital outflow schedule] shows Net Capital Outflow as a function of the rate of interest. Net Capital Outflow (CF) is defined as the difference between Capital Outflows and Capital Inflows. (3) In Pane III, we have the foreign exchange market, where the exchange rate, E is determined by the capital outflow schedule in Pane two and net export schedule ( NX). NX is the difference between Exports and Imports. PANE I PANE II PANE III Diagram showing the Three-Paned Open-Economy IS/LM Model Explaining the working of the Three-paned Model: Now let us see how the three-paned model works. We begin from point ââ¬Ëeââ¬â¢, the initial equilibrium, in the ISLM model. Point e represents the simultaneous equilibrium of the product and money markets at an equilibrium rate of interest, ââ¬â¢ rââ¬â¢, and ââ¬Ë Y ââ¬Ë level of income/output. To determine the equilibrium in the capital outflow schedule, the equilibrium rate of interest, r, is brought over from the first pane to determine the equilibrium amount of net capital outflows. When the rate of interest is r, equilibrium CF in the economy is given by CFo. Suppose the RBI hikes the rate of interest from r to r1. If r* remains constant, r-r* increases. This increases relative returns in the domestic economy which creates two kinds of impacts. One, the capital outflow decreases, and two, the capital inflow increases. Therefore, the net capital outflow decreases, which is shown by the fall in CF from CFo to CF1. Likewise, if there is a fall in the interest rate from ro to r2, capital outflow increases, and capital inflow decreases, leading to an increase in net capital outflow as indicated by an increase in CF to CF2. The Capital Outflow (CF) curve is therefore, downward sloping. This means that, higher domestic rates of interest are associated with lower net capital outflows, and lower domestic rates of interest are associated with higher net capital outflows. As mentioned earlier, the three-paned model plots the net export schedule (NX) with respect to the exchange rate, E. E is defined as the foreign currency per unit of domestic currency. If we drop the equilibrium amount of capital flows CFo from pane II to the third pane we get the equilibrium amount of net exports, NXo, which is determined by the intersection of the perpendicular dropped from the CF schedule with the NX schedule. This also gives the equilibrium nominal exchange rate, Eo. [Here, we are assuming price levels at home and abroad as constant, therefore, nominal and real exchange rates can be considered to be proportional. i.e., they wonââ¬â¢t be different]. How do we explain the model in simple economic terms? In a closed economy, the rate of interest decided by the RBI defines the simultaneous equilibrium in the product/goods market and the money market, as shown by the intersection of the IS LM curves (Pane I). Suppose that we open up the economy and also assume that we are considering a large economy [as in the case of India]. Pane II III shows how a domestic interest rate change (assuming foreign rate of interest rate to be fixed) impacts capital flows and thereby the exports and imports and the exchange rate in the economy. A hike in the interest rate by the RBI would attract capital from outside-increase in inflows- and would decrease capital outflows. This would lead to a fall in the net capital outflow. A fall in the interest rate would have the opposite effect, leading to a decrease in inflows and an increase in outflows, thereby increasing net capital outflows. When capital inflows increase due to a hike in the domestic interest rate, let us assume that most of the inflows are in the form FDI. That is, there would be an increase in demand for rupee denominated assets thereby increasing the demand for the rupee in the foreign exchange market, vis-à -vis the foreign currency, say, dollar. This would appreciate the exchange rate (E to E1) vis-a ââ¬âvis the dollar (exchange rate E was defined as foreign currency per unit of domestic currency).The appreciation of the exchange rate makes exports costlier and imports cheaper. Therefore, exports fall and imports rise, resulting in a fall in Net Exports as shown in pane III, from NXo to NX1. Similarly, a fall in rate of interest would depreciate the exchange rate, leading to a fall in imports and rise in exports, resulting in an increase in net exports. Thus the three-paned model or the open-economy IS/LM model gives the business decision maker a framework to understand and analyze changes in and interrelationships between rate of interest, capital flows, exchange rate and net exports in a large open economy. ââ¬Å"We can address important questions about how the macroeconomy, capital flows, international trade, and the exchange rate will respond to a wide variety of events and shocks. (1) How will these key variables respond to an increased money supply or an increase in taxes? (2) How does a sudden drop in consumerââ¬â¢s willingness to make purchases or a technological shock that makes investing more appealing affect interest rates, unemployment and the exchange rate? (3) What will be the resulting effects on the direction of the economy and the key variables?â⬠[ 2 ]. Economic Models: An economic model may be defined as a logical framework that is based on explicit assumptions about how key economic variables interact. The links between these variables are based on assumptions rooted in economic theory and are also explicitly defined by the relationships that govern the model. The key to understanding any economic model is to understand the logical structure and its underlying assumptions. The set of assumptions in the model enables the analysis of the impact of changes in one or more variables on the rest of the economy (-while not violating the original behavioral assumptions). [ 3 ]. John Hicks, ââ¬Å"Mr. Keynes and the Classics: A Suggested Interpretationâ⬠, Econometrica, 1937. He was awarded the Economics Nobel Prize in 1972. [ 4 ]. For a detailed discussion of the IS/LM model, see Dornbusch,Fischer, Startz-Macroeconomics, Chapter 10, pp219-240,10thedition. [ 5 ]. Net capital outflows as defined earlier, are equal to capital outflows minus capital inflows. Here the assumption is that capital flows are a function the difference between relative interest rates. The domestic interest rate is given as r and the foreign rate of interest rate is taken as r*. Since it is not shown in the graph, r* is assumed to be constant. Therefore, capital flows effectively are determined by the changes in the domestic rate on interest rate. i.e., Net capital outflow, CF = f (r ââ¬â r* ). [ 6 ]. Quoted from Darden Business Publishing- A Technical Note on The Open ââ¬âEconomy IS/LM Model, 2008. celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-56942920826676505372020-01-20T12:42:00.001-08:002020-01-20T12:42:01.992-08:00Orgon The Good, Or Orgon The B Essays -- essays research papers In the beginning of Moliere’s play Tartuffe, the character Orgon is very distasteful, but changes by the end of the play and becomes more amiable. The character Orgon, in the beginning, is exceedingly stern. For example, in the beginning of the play, Orgon takes a man into his home, to which he believes is pious in every way. This man is Tartuffe, who deceives Orgon and Madame Pernelle into thinking he is a heavenly man, in order to gain their wealth and Orgon’s wife. He Tartuffe succeeds in deceiving those two but the rest of Orgon’s family discovers his unheavenly ways. Orgon’s family tries to convince Orgon of Tartuffe’s evil intentions, but when Orgon believes something to be true, he won’t let anything come between him and what he thinks is right, even his own family. Orgon orders his only daughter to wed Tartuffe against her will. Orgon states to Mariane, “Yes, Tartuffe shall be allied by marriage to this family, and he’s to be your husband, is that clear? It’s a father’s privilege.'; (Act 2, scene 1) Orgon’s son Damis who told him of Tartuffe’s treachery also confronted Orgon, but Orgon does not believe him. Orgon screams, “ So! You insult him, and defy your father! A stick! A stick! Out of my house this minute! Be off with you, and never dare set foot in it again. I disinherit you; an empty purse is all you’ll get from me-excep... Orgon The Good, Or Orgon The B Essays -- essays research papers In the beginning of Moliere’s play Tartuffe, the character Orgon is very distasteful, but changes by the end of the play and becomes more amiable. The character Orgon, in the beginning, is exceedingly stern. For example, in the beginning of the play, Orgon takes a man into his home, to which he believes is pious in every way. This man is Tartuffe, who deceives Orgon and Madame Pernelle into thinking he is a heavenly man, in order to gain their wealth and Orgon’s wife. He Tartuffe succeeds in deceiving those two but the rest of Orgon’s family discovers his unheavenly ways. Orgon’s family tries to convince Orgon of Tartuffe’s evil intentions, but when Orgon believes something to be true, he won’t let anything come between him and what he thinks is right, even his own family. Orgon orders his only daughter to wed Tartuffe against her will. Orgon states to Mariane, “Yes, Tartuffe shall be allied by marriage to this family, and he’s to be your husband, is that clear? It’s a father’s privilege.'; (Act 2, scene 1) Orgon’s son Damis who told him of Tartuffe’s treachery also confronted Orgon, but Orgon does not believe him. Orgon screams, “ So! You insult him, and defy your father! A stick! A stick! Out of my house this minute! Be off with you, and never dare set foot in it again. I disinherit you; an empty purse is all you’ll get from me-excep... celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-68547803178191608892020-01-12T09:05:00.001-08:002020-01-12T09:05:05.554-08:00Pro-Forma Statements EssayB1. Analyze Simulation Results A budget is a financial plan which is expressed in real numbers, typically in monetary units, which set the expectations for the expenses the company will incur to reach its goals, and management objectives. A good budget uses forecasts to determine what amounts should be used to reach desired efficiency and profitability. Budgets can be used to determine whether a not a process is working effectively, whether or not changes in operations need to be made in order to reach goals, and can help solve problems before they occur and help make changes when necessary. Budgets are important because they provide a quantitative measurement to establish goals, coordinate efforts and departments, and help to realize changes are needed before problems occur. Budgets should be broken down into fragments (short term, mid-term, and long term) which will allow for more precise measurement of the success of a project, allow for changes to be made before moving onto new projects, and to expand on goals when appropriate. By setting short term budget goals and reaching them it helps to ensure that the company is on pace to reach its long term objectives. Budgets need to be revised whenever they no longer useful for planning and control purposes. Anytime there are major changes in the processes or operations the budgets will also need to be revised. Budget figures should be measured frequently to ensure they are still reasonable and that the company is still on track to reach its goals. A Pro-Forma Statement is defined as ââ¬Å"a financial statements prepared on the basis of some assumed events and transactions that have not yet occurred.â⬠(Ralph Estes). Unlike Historical Financial Statements which use real scientific information and are based on facts, Pro-Forma Financial Statements use assumptions to help forecast the future and allow for the use of creativity and flexibility. Pro-Forma Financial Statements are similar to Historical Financial Statements in look and content, both use the same major financial statements including the income statement and the balance sheet, but the Pro-Forma Financial Statement allows for changes to be made in the volatile environment. Pro-Forma Statements are important because they provide the needed information to track progress towards goals. They are based on historic figures so they do provide realistic projections while still allowing for adjustments as needed. Typically a long collection of historic data is used to produce a Pro-Forma Income statement; since the company I created was a start up our information was limited there was even more of a reliance on projections to complete my statements. In the first quarter I had start up factory expenses of $430,000 and spent $120,000 on market research. I had gained $3,000 in interest from a small deposit into a short term CD. I had invested $1,100,000 for fixed plant capacity. Of the $2,000,000 of initial capital $547,000 was used for start-up expenses leaving the company with $1,453,000 in current assets. Important decisions had to be made during Quarter 1 in order to make my projections and set my budgets and expectations. First I had to choose what products to manufacture. I wanted to look for two segments which had some similar wants and needs. By developing two products for two segments with similar wants and needs the hope was that I would be pay off later in saving manufacturing costs by utilizing customization of parts, decrease training costs, cut down on salary expense by having a sales force that could be knowledgeable with both products, and would allow the company to provide better service after the sale. The decisions were all based upon the market research which had been done providing the wants and needs of the segments as well as the price willing to pay, the 12 month demand, and the demand per city. By performing some simple calculations (i.e. price willing to pay X Demand / cost to produce) I was able to make an informed decisions on the two products I wanted to deve lop, where I wanted to set up shop, the size of my sales force, as well as the amount of inventory to produce. I decided to manufacture two products which I felt met the needs of two specific groups. The first group was decided upon due to the quantity of the demand. I felt around this product I could better reach my goal of utilizing an employee empowerment strategy, being able to utilize work cells due to less technical processes and needs, be able to take advantage of customization of parts, and also be able to offer better service after the sales due to increased employee knowledge of the product and the service needed. I decided to focus my efforts on the Workhorse and the Traveler markets. Both markets had similar needs and the products would only need to differ in portability. The market was large and although the desired price would be lower, the higher demand would help generate profit. The hope was to build the distinction of being the low price leader while still providing a reliable product and providing excellent service after the sale. By setting proper starting budgets and being able to adjust accordingly by utilizing the pro-forma statements I was able to make sound financial decisions throughout the simulation. I never had to use emergency loans so I was able to avoid that penalty and cost. By using the statements was even able to make small investments and earn some interest off of those funds. Being a startup company I was very conservative with my investments so I could ensure I would not incur those costs. At the end of the 4th quarter my ending cash balance was over 4 million dollars. This allows for great expansion and higher sales as well as the ability to invest more funds and take advantage of additional interest income. Without the use of the statements and the budget it would not have been possible to monitor the spending and make informed decisions. The Pro-Forma statements and budgets were used to make decisions throughout the entire simulation. Each Quarter I began by examining the cash flow statement. This allowed me to make proper decisions based on the Firmââ¬â¢s solvency as well as my companyââ¬â¢s potential for growth. At the beginning of Quarter 1 I had $0 in my beginning cash balance. Thus it was necessary to sell common stock. $2 million dollars were raised through the sale of common stock. It was very important to use my income statements, original budgets, and monitoring my balance sheet. $1.1 million of the funds would be used to invest in my fixed plant capacity in order to reach the needed production levels. With the funds on hand I was only able to open 2 sales offices. I chose the locations based on the projected sales demand, the allotted funds in the budget, and the money left in the cash flow. The two offices cost $430,000 to start up and would also cost a total of $220,000 per quarter for lease. After setting up the Plant capacity and the Sales Offices I had $470,000 dollars left. I still needed funds for Research and Development to ensure that I was making proper decisions and to help guide my decisions in future quarters. I decided to spend $120,000 on research and development. This left me $350,000 in excess cash. I decided to invest a portion of it but was careful using my Pro-Forma statements to ensure that I would not run into the cost of emergency cash loans. $200,000 was placed into a conservative short term C.D. which earned me $3,000 in interest income. The $3,000 and the excess $150,000 would be carried over into the next quarter. The same techniques were used every decision every quarter. Any time I made a decision it was based on my cash flow, income statements and demand projections. Lessons were learned from these decisions, more funding into research and development needed to be used early in the simulation. The result of the poor planning led to the expense of products needing to be redesigned. The carry over equipment had to be sold for salvage value and additional funding needed to be raised to develop the new products. With the proper products in place for the market demand the profits would have been much larger for my company. B2a. Just-in-time Just in Time operations is basically a system which helps force problem solving and drives down start-up costs and inventory costs by initiating a pull system driven by consumer demand and reducing inventory to meet the customerââ¬â¢s needs only when the customer has that need. If the product is not available at the time of demand a problem is found and improvements need to be made. This is very important to any company but especially for a start-up company who really need to watch their cash flow to avoid any emergency loans and the cost and fees associated with them. In my projections I had to take into account the demand of the segments in the cities decided to serve and make educated estimates on how much to produce based on those calculations. There were still questions which needed to be answered which led to less aggressive manufacturing; would my advertising efforts convey the right message to my target audience? Would my choices on where to advertise be successful on reaching my target audience? Would my product designs and branding fit the needs of my customers or would new products need to be developed? The answers to these questions could lead to major adjustments to our entire process and if not done well could lead to an excess of unused inventory which would only be able to recover a small part of the cost it took to develop them. Estimates were made based on the projected sales demands of the markets. Fixed capacity, sales force decisions, and of course inventory decisions were made based on these projections. The idea of course was to have the perfect amount of inventory available to my customers at the exact time they needed them, with very little cost from carrying over unused inventory. Proper use of a Just-in-time strategy could have saved me money and helped expand my companyââ¬â¢s growth. During the manufacturing process a Just-in-time strategy wouldââ¬â¢ve have uncovered the need to increase production to meet my customersââ¬â¢ demand as the products were being ââ¬Å"pulled throughâ⬠the assembly process. The improper use of the JIT strategy resulted in a loss of 278 Venture II customers and 143 customers of Quest II. The result of these lost customers was $578,453 in profit. By properly utilizing the strategy profits could have been even higher and future growth could have increased. Going forward it will be important to utilize the performance of the past year and make better decisions to provide for a better customer experience. Fortunately after the losses occurred decisions were made to make sure it did not happen again throughout the simulation. A good Just-In-Time strategy would have allowed the mistakes to be caught prior to having to absorb the losses and the poor customer experiences. B2b. Lean Operations Lean operations work hand in hand with making J.I.T. effective. By definition lean operations are used to understand customerââ¬â¢s needs and then to stock and prepare appropriately based on said needs. In my project this was done by successful forecasting based on potential demand of the customers in the given areas and based on the chosen products. By basing our inventory on a lean operations focus the company will be able to decrease the costs of waste in itââ¬â¢s operations, both in unused inventory and the cost of storing excess inventory. B3. Applicability of Work Cells versus Traditional Straight Line Method An effective layout design strategy is important because the decision alone can help decide the efficiency of production as well as help to determine a firmââ¬â¢s competitive advantage. How will the firm be looking to set itself apart? Will it be through differentiation, low cost, or response? Will the companyââ¬â¢s priorities focus on capacity, processes, flexibility, and/or cost, etc.? In its very basic form an effective layout design will improve efficiency by better utilizing space, people, and machinery, improving communication, improving inspection, and by allowing for flexibility. Work Cells are specially arranged groups of workers and workstations designed to make the production of a single product or group of related products more efficient by allowing workers to have more reach in the work area, allow for immediate inspection of complete product, fewer workers are needed, less work space, and prom otes better communication between workers. Workers often accept the responsibility of building the product from start to finish in a more positive light because of the empowerment it provides and the specialized training and expanded knowledge. Work Cells are often in the shape of a ââ¬Å"Uâ⬠allowing for better balance and division of work. The U-shape also will take up more space on the floor than the Traditional Straight Line process method. A Traditional Straight Line process method is the old assembly line assembly process. Each worker is responsible for a piece of a product. That piece is then put together with other pieces and the final product is put together in a series of pieces. The assembly line relies on workstations to be balanced in the share of the work to be effective however; the layout alone often leads to an unbalanced division of the workload. The pieces cannot be inspected until the finished product has been fully assembled by the varying teams, and communication and diverse learning is very limite d. The assembly line approach also leads to the possibility of a ââ¬Å"bottleneckâ⬠effect where total production can be slowed by slow production from one of the work units. The advantages of the assembly lines are of course a less expensive and quicker training process, more standardization of parts, and lower handling costs. The decision on which method to use was a difficult one. One of the reasons I chose the two products that I did was because of their similarities and the ability to use customizable parts. However another key to the success was the ability to capitalize on efficient inventory management and processing. Another key was employee empowerment through knowledge which would lead to better service and the ability to recognize and fix problems as they occur during the assembly process. With this being said I would implement a work cell assembly approach. B4. Decisions Involving Inventory Management Understanding the relationship between inventory levels and customer needs is a critical part of any companyââ¬â¢s success. Too much inventory can lead to extra costs for the company in the form of storage costs of unused inventory and the expense of selling off unused inventory at discount prices. Not having enough inventory can lead to poor customer experiences by not being able to meet the customerââ¬â¢s needs when needed. This leads to fewer repeat sales and poor relationships. In order for a company to have a low cost strategy they must master inventory levels. As discussed earlier I did not do a good job of inventory management and it cost me in the form of profits and customer satisfaction. The idea is to be perfect and I was far from it. I underestimated the increase in demand after improvements were made in product design and marketing. The result was having higher demand than inventory available. The miscalculations of potential demand cost my company through the simulation and it is very important to execute better inventory management decisions in the future to avoid such issues and losses in the future. My growth decisions were made properly in the form of additional markets, additional sales and service staff, and more fixed capacity capabilities. However, I did not make good inventory management decisions to match the growth demands. The idea of inventory management is of course to find the perfect balance of meeting my customersââ¬â¢ needs while limiting my costs in holding costs and excess capacity costs. It was again necessary to utilize my pro-forma statements to monitor these expenses. The inventory needs were based on demand projections, marketing efforts, and the number of sales people hired. Since my company was a start-up company with little or no brand recognition it was important to find a conservative figure which would still fit the customersââ¬â¢ wants and needs. In the initial Quarter I chose to project demand at 100 units per sales person. I had confidence in my product in the first quarter and decided to leave 43 units of Venture and 32 units of Quest as carryover. The hope was not to run into issues of Sales lost and a loss of customers due to poor experiences. The problem I ran into was due to poor research and development the target market did not find either of my products desirable to fit their needs as they were. My confidence quickly turned into an error in Inventory Management. The remaining units had to be sold at a Salvage price ($846.40 for Venture and $870.40 for Quest). The set price on Venture was $2500 and Quest was $3200, the cost to produce Venture was $1667 and Quest was $1698. This was an enormous loss in potential profits for my company and better use of inventory management and of course research and development could have prevented it. The new products were produced that met the customersââ¬â¢ wants and needs and I decided based on the research which was provided and the history of sales I would be more aggressive with my inventory levels. The sales force was increased to 16 people in Quarter 3 with a demand per sales person of 148, and based on the success in Quarter 4 the sales people were increased to 25 people with an estimate of 225 units per sales person. Due to the increase in demand caused by the additional production more inventory would left at the end of the quarter. The recommendation was that inventory levels should be left at a range of 25 to 50 units of each product, but based on the confidence of sales I increased those ranges and decided to have 86 Venture II units and 64 Quest II units in inventory left at the end of each quarter. I had no missed sales because of a lack of inventory and fortunately did not have to sell any unwanted inventory at salvage prices. Costs did increase in Quarter 4 both in holding costs and excess capacity costs but the cash increases were more than enough to justify the additional inventory. B5. Use of Specific Continuous Programs to Achieve Quality Assurance Goals. Having a culture which promotes quality from top to bottom affects the company in many positive ways; if it starts at the top it becomes a culture which then empowers employees and leads to better customer satisfaction. There are several different programs which help to measure quality; 1.) Continuous Improvement, 2.) Six Sigma, 3.) Employee Empowerment, 4.) Benchmarking, 5.) Just in Time (J.I.T.), 6. Taguchi Concepts and 7.) Knowledge of Total Quality Management (T.Q.M.) Tools. Every aspect of operations can be improved and of course the overall goal is perfection. The cost of defective parts and or systems can be dramatic for a company and difficult to recover. Therefore it is very important to have the proper programs in place to measure quality. I believe two Quality Inspection programs would have been beneficial for my company. It was very important to my company as well as my target customers for us to provide a quality reliable product and have the service in place after the sale for my customers. I believe by implementing an Employee Empowerment program I can help develop quality on both the production side as well as on the service side. Employee Empowerment involves expanding the employeesââ¬â¢ roles and responsibilities so that empowerment and belief is spread throughout the company from the highest to the lowest level. By including such responsibilities to the lowest level there is a greater chance that defections or needed improvements will be both addressed as well as shared by the employees who are using the machinery and involved in the everyday operations of the company. With high morale and open communication lines the company should be able to reach the desired quality. The desired quality which the company will be seeking will be determined by using a quality program called Benchmarking. That desired quality will be what our products and services will look like at their very best. All other performances will be judged by comparing to this benchmark. A team will need to be assembled, benchmarking partnerships will need to be formed, data will need to be collected and compared, and improvements will need to be to try and reach our benchmarks. Our benchmarking efforts will analyze such important factors as percentage of defects, customer satisfaction rate, cost per unit, return on investment, customer retention, and response time. References 1. Ralph Estes Dictionary of Accounting (MIT, Cambridge, 1981, p. 105) celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-48470499995425381612020-01-04T05:29:00.001-08:002020-01-04T05:29:02.950-08:00Cuba is a country that has a cuisine filled with an... Cuba is a country that has a cuisine filled with an abundance of flavors and influences of the origins of its citizens and people that came by the island over the centuries. Filled with fruit trees and the perfect land for raising animals and growing vegetables, Cuban cuisine is unique and vast. A staple in a Cubanââ¬â¢s diet is, of course, their coffee. Internationally known for the strength and flavor of Cuban coffee it has made its way into many peopleââ¬â¢s morning routines. Breakfast, or desayuno, isnââ¬â¢t a very ceremonious occasion in Cuba. Itââ¬â¢s quite short and to the point, consisting of cafà © con leche (coffee with milk), plain coffee (Cuban coffee), or sometimes a heavy, Spanish-style hot chocolate. The hot drink ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Dinner, or comida (although its literal translation means ââ¬Å"mealâ⬠it is referred to as the evening meal in Cuba) is a dressy affair in most Cuban homes, regardless of the social status of the family. Ev ery day when the adults return from work and the children from school and playing outside everyone comes home to bathe and dress in fresh clothes for dinner, which is served at 7:00 or 8:00 P.M. Some ladies dress in leisure yet fashionable clothes. In late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries women wore batas, long white linen dresses, usually hand- embroidered with ruffles and lace down to their ankles. The food served for comida was generally lighter than that served for almuerzo, but was nevertheless rather elaborate, consisting of three courses. Cubans living in America nowadays donââ¬â¢t generally distinguish much between dishes appropriate for lunch and dinner. Most have adopted the American custom of having a single large meal in the evening, at which any dish can be served. Meat is very popular in a Cubanââ¬â¢s diet making beef a common main protein in most lunch and dinner dishes. According to ââ¬Å"Havana: Autobiography of a Cityâ⬠, Beef has been popular since ancient times when the crews of the La pinta, La Nina, and La Santa Maria brought jerked beef and live cattle when they landed on the island in 1492. Christopher Columbus said when he arrived to the island ââ¬Å"Cuba-Show MoreRelatedThe Caribbean Country of Haiti1499 Words à |à 6 Pages Introduction to Haiti Haiti is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western third of the island of Hispaniola. It is the third largest Caribbean nation with a population of 10.4 million which makes it the most populous full-member state of the Caribbean community. Haiti is also the poorest country in the Americas as measured by the human development index. Haiti is so poor that people used to work as restavecs(unpaid household servant).half of the children in Haiti are unvaccinated.2%of celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-80898198231458540592019-12-27T01:55:00.001-08:002019-12-27T01:55:04.963-08:00Wilderness Tourism Marketing Sample details Pages: 19 Words: 5574 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Dissertation Level High school Did you like this example? Promoting Wilderness Tourism Literature Review Introduction Behavioural research on the study on wilderness destination is a relatively new development in the ecotourism industry. Promoting place marketing has become increasingly important within the tourist industry (Kang-Li 2008). There has been limited work done on promoting wilderness as a place of tourism. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Wilderness Tourism Marketing | Leisure Management Dissertations" essay for you Create order This research project aims to identify whether experiential marketing would have a greater impact than traditional marketing and branding approaches in promoting wilderness in tourism. The literature review will explore the concepts of Tourism, Wilderness, Place Marketing and Experiential Marketing, looking at past and present literature from various scholars and academics who have conducted extensive research on these subject areas. Arguments identifying gaps that exist within the literature will be presented, exploring the extent to which experiential marketing would be different and/or more effective than traditional marketing approaches. The Evolution of Tourism and itââ¬â¢s relationship to Wilderness In the early 19th century, the term ââ¬Å"tourismâ⬠was used to describe the movement of people for pleasure (Smith, 1989). It is also written that a more convincing origin to present day tourism is centred on the medieval pilgrimages. There is a distinct difference between pilgrimage and tourism. One is a religious activity and the other is a secular (Theilmann 1987). However, as years have passed, there have been further attempts to define the term ââ¬Å"tourismâ⬠. The United Nations Statistical Commission has accepted the following definition recommended by the World Tourism Organisation (WTO), stating that tourism comprises: activities where people may travel to different places and stay away from their normal surroundings for not more than a year for leisure, business or any other purpose. (World Tourism Organisation, 1993). In a similar context in the UK the definition most often used was proposed by the Tourism Society in the early 1980ââ¬â¢s: Tourism is de fined as destinations where people would travel for temporary or short-term stay away from their natural environment to live, work or engage in activities as day visits or excursions (Tourism Society, 1982) Similarly, Jafari, 1977 argues that tourism is about the study of man away from his natural habitat, where the industry responds to his needs, and there an impact is created by him and the industry on the host social-cultural, economic and physical environment. In a simplistic form the term tourism could be understood as movement of people for pleasure or work. From the evidence presented above would it can be concluded from the above definitions that tourism would seem to be: People who are away from their normal place of residence and will return back to their homes at some point in the future. Visits that are only temporary or short term, but are not longer than 12 months in duration. Inclusive of a day visit (excursion). Inclusive of absence from home on business rather than pleasure. The 1990ââ¬â¢s increasingly saw the development of tourism in new areas. While the more traditional sightseeing tourism remains at the core of tourism around the world, there has been a significant diversification occurring, particularly within adventure tourism (Cloke and Perkins, 1998), nature-based tourism (Pearce and Wilson, 1995; Higham 1998) and events (Nicholson and Pearce, 2000). Literature shows that one particularly distinctive area of growth has been in natural area tourism (Burton 1998). This form of tourism is nature-based and primarily motivated by an interest in the environment (Burton 1998). Burton further argues that people seek refuge in nature-based tourism to escape from their day to day pressured life style. But, he writes that with the level of growth in nature-based tourism literature, has given way for individuals to misuse and overuse the terms ecotourism and natural based tourism. Creamer, 1995 adopts a framework to present a clear distinction bet ween nature based tourism and ecotourism as seen in figure 1. This framework has been interpreted by arguing that nature-based tourism consists of all forms of tourism which occur in a natural environment and that ecotourism is one form of this type of tourism. Although they are similar there is a distinct difference (Goodwin, 1996). The experience of ecotourism goes beyond just being in a natural environment. Griffith, 1993 argues that ecotourists have distinctive perceptions and beliefs relating to their experiences. This is a far cry from the Sunday picnic or the occasional bush walker. It has been argued that ecotourism has the ability to influence the direction of a touristââ¬â¢s life. This distinction is seen when they return from an ecotourism experience gaining a new outlook.(Hunter 1994) In a similar vein Ziffer, 1989: 5ââ¬â8; Ceballos-Lascurain, 1996: 22 and Boo, 1990: 10, have also echoed the same principles underpinning ecotourism. Nature-based tourism has b een distinguished into three main categories (Valentine, 1992: 110). Activities dependent on nature (i.e. bird-watching); activities enhanced by nature (i.e.camping); and activities where the natural setting is incidental (i.e. swimming). Adding to this framework, Duffus and Dearden (1990) defined these activities in terms of human and wildlife interaction. Similarly Goodwin, 1996: 287ââ¬â288, argues that nature tourism includes the marketing of the natural elements to the tourists while enjoying the nature around them. Other arguments present ecotourism as a concept that definitions of integrated tourism giving emphasis particularly to nature conservation (Goodwin, 1996; Ceballos-Lascurain, 1996; Dowling, 1995a, b). Moreover the natural settings characterized in the definition of ecotourism were proclaimed to be similar to that of the concept of Wilderness Recreation in North America, (Boyd Butler, 1993: 11) or in other words, new name to an old activity (Wall, 1994: 4; Nel son, 1994: 248). Academic literature of wilderness exist within the discipline of tourism literature detailing about wilderness and the experiences that people have experienced during their visits. However, wilderness and the relating ââ¬Å"sense of placeâ⬠it evokes has not been investigated in-depth within the empirical research studies (Dawson, 2006). Managers of wilderness areas need to further understand and measure the relationships that tourists are developing or have already developed with the land area that they are managing. ââ¬Å"Placeâ⬠is defined as a physical location and a visitorââ¬â¢s subjective experience or relationship with the particular place. The concept of place has been subdivided into a variety of factors, such as place meanings, attachment, identity and dependence (Cheng et al. 2003). The term wilderness has been perceived differently by various scholars and academics. Some academics argue that wilderness is a conserved area where ther e is a limited presence of humans (Dawson, 2006). While others argue that it is place where people go to the wilderness for short or long hikes that last a day long, while another set of people who camp for several days using primitive means of travel and living (Chad, 2006). At one time, the earth was just a place of wild. The natural environment of wind, fire and rain was operating without the interference by any human influence. The earth was a global wilderness. Today, questions have risen on what is wilderness, how much of it needs to be preserved and should it be managed. Wilderness has achieved a reputation of being a highly valuable resource to many countries.(Stankey 1989) Wilderness has commonly been used in the context of the Bible (Nash 1974). Nash reports that the term wilderness appears in the bible nearly 300 times both in the Old and New Testaments. He continues to report that the term was used as a synonym for ââ¬Å"desertâ⬠and ââ¬Å"wasteâ⬠with the same Hebrew or Greek root. Wilderness has been described as having had three physical characteristics. (1) virtually inhabited. (2) deserted and dry and (3) they were large areas. Human survival in the wilderness was difficult (Stankey 1989). Nash further reports that the wilderness was used to describe in the bible as a place where Godââ¬â¢s blessings were absent; paradise and wilderness was a contract to each other. The story of the Garden of Eden stated in the Bible captures this theme explicitly. Nash writes, ââ¬Å"The story of the Garden and itââ¬â¢s loss, imbedded into Western thought the idea that wilderness and paradise were both physical and spiritual oppositesâ⬠The book of Genesis in the Bible reveals the early Christina idea of the relationship that transpired between man and nature. White (1967), argues that based on the qualities that were developed from the relationship between man and nature, Christianity was the most ââ¬Å"anthropocentricâ⬠religion. Furthermore,White argues, ââ¬Å"in great measure, Godââ¬â¢s transcendence of nature. . . . Christianity, in absolute contrast to ancient paganism and Asiaââ¬â¢s religions . . . not only established a dualism of man and nature, but also insisted that it is Godââ¬â¢s will that man exploit nature for his proper ends.â⬠This type of perspective created negative and exploitative thoughts about nature and wilderness among humans. However, it is argued that Christianity also fostered counter perspectives, which have led to our modem views from where wilderness would be have been originated (Stankey 1989). The experience of the Promised Land mentioned in the Biblical context has helped develop a tradition of going to the wilderness. Reasons for going to the wilderness have been determined to get freedom and a purification of spiritual-values. This may have possibly led to the present-day legislative definition for wilderness. Tuan (1974), writes ââ¬Å"For the ascetics the desert was in effect at once the haunt of demons and the realm of bliss in harmony with the creaturely world.ââ¬â¢ However, the Judeo-Christian defined wilderness as a cursed land, evil places and a place where water was not present (Dilworth 2006). Dilworth further argues in this context, the paradox of wilderness was evil, it was a necessary evil, also where you could be closer to God, a refuge and testing ground. On the other hand, the Puritan tradition wilderness was understood as a threat to survival, and the ability to survive in the wilderness would make you in favour of God. However, the Utilitarian view of nature was cultivation and civilization instead of using the term wilderness. This was necessary as it would be a land useful in a practical sense as well as to be in favour of God (Nash 2001). Nash further argues from a Romantic and Transcendentalist era. He writes, wilderness was looked in a more positive sense. The Romantic era brought man ââ¬Å"an enthusiasm for the strange, remote, solitary and mysteriousâ⬠(Nash, 2001, p. 47). On the other hand the Transcendentalist eras, gave emphasis to the spiritual quality of the wilderness experience. This experience brought humans closer to God and the importance of material things. From the above arguments it seems evident that the definition of wilderness is very much fluid in the sense that there does not seem to be one single definition which can clearly explain the term wilderness. Sigurd Olson, in the early 20th century further expanded on the definition of wilderness ââ¬â is escaping from a mans everyday difficult life and gaining freedom from ââ¬Å"tyranny of wires, bells, schedules, and pressing responsibilitiesâ⬠(Olson and Backes 2001). This definition was further refined by the Wilderness Act of 1964. They defined wilderness as an undeveloped Federal land maintaining its character of the early years and the influence, without any lasting improvements or human habitation while it being a place that has generally been affects by the forces of nature. It also has an ââ¬Å"outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreationâ⬠. On the other hand culturally, it has been defined as any natural areas, to the ââ¬Å"Urbanâ⬠wilderness (Dilworth 2006). Evidently, it seems that Wilderness means different things to different people. Dilworth 2006, recently conducted a study on the meaning of wilderness based on images of the wilderness. His sample was students. The study revealed that based on the images the students viewed they defined wilderness as primarily with natural landscapes lacking human sign, particularly mountains, lakes, and forests. The questions would then arise as to what do you mean by the terms; mountains, lakes and forests? The debate would seem to be endless !! Increasingly, popular adventure recreation activities such as rock climbing, mountain-eering and remote-area trekking most often take place in the wilderness. Most often commercial packing of this type of recreation in the wilderness is coloured with fundamental irony (Eric, Linda et al. 1998). Wilderness business range from skill-building schools to eco and ethno tourism adventures (Eric, Linda et al. 1998). For example in Thailand back-pack trotting adventures (Cohen, 1989). This type of adventurous excursions and activities are positive, enjoyable experiences for participants (Arnould and Price 1993). The commercial offering of Wilderness as a tourist attraction means converting wilderness into a commodity to be marketed as a tourist attraction. Wilderness tourism requires human intervention. This would mean ensuring the wilderness is evaluated, managed, regulated and controlled (Eric, Linda et al. 1998). Therefore, the comodification of wilderness would require the intervention of a communication medium which would attract visitors of the wilderness for tourism. Creating a memorable lasting experience would be the challenge for wilderness managers and marketers. Place and city marketing has been one of the most interesting research topics which have grown in the last 20 ââ¬â 30 years (Metaxas 2005). Much of the marketing literature over the years have sited on the impact that marketing has had on the global Tourism industry (Palmer and Bejou 1995; Mark and Robert 2002; Theobald 2005; Alistair 2006). Within the marketing literature, ââ¬Å"Place Marketingâ⬠has grown rapidly among cities globally and especially in Europe who use different promotional policies to support images of their cities to gain competitive advantage (Metaxas 2005). Promoting the wilderness experience within the place marketing literature has been limited although marketing of island tourism, alpine tourism and adventure tours have developed (Tuohino). As mentioned above, comodification of wilderness is a challenge for marketers. A greater challenge would be the comodification of wilderness as a ââ¬Å"sense of placeâ⬠. The next section of the literature will seek to explore the idea of place and place marketing and itââ¬â¢s relevance to wilderness tourism. Place Marketing as an opportunity for Wilderness Tourism The concept of place is often related to the adjective ââ¬Å"safeâ⬠. But there could be negative feelings also attached to that place (Tuohino). Tuan (1974) defines ââ¬Å"topophiliaâ⬠as a place which one belongs to and has a sense of belongingness. On the other hand ââ¬Å"topofobiaâ⬠(Tuan 1974) is defined as negative feelings ââ¬â aversion or fear. Tuan, further argues that feelings such as fear being connected to a place will remain in the human mind as well as in the environment. Similarly, ââ¬Å"placelessnessâ⬠is defined as where the environment does not recognise place. Furthermore it does not take into consideration the meaning of places (Tuan 1974; Relph 1976). A ââ¬Å"Sense of Placeâ⬠has been one of the important concepts of human geography (Tuohino). Tuan in the 1970ââ¬â¢s introduced this concept within the geography literature. The concept of ââ¬Å"Sense of Placeâ⬠has been determined as a social concept and as an individua l value or phenomenon (Tuohino). This concept has been sited in many of the tourism literature in the recent years. To quote Tuan (1974), ââ¬Ëpeople demonstrate their sense of place when they apply their moral and aesthetic discernment to sites and locationsâ⬠. In other words ââ¬Å"Sense of Placeâ⬠is the connection that man would have with a place. Hence, it could be argued that is an important development for tourist and developers of tourism. Place marketing has become an important policy goal for most governments (Kang-Li 2008). Kotler (2002), claimed that the concept of place marketing of a city is considered as a market-oriented product. Ashworth and Voogd (1993) argue that place marketing is where the local activities of a particular location will work together to meet the customers needs. On the other hand Gold and Ward (1994) claim that place marketing is all about creating a positive and attractive image of the place. On the other hand it is argued that Place Marketing is about locality-based strategy to reimage and restructure local economies (Demaziere and Wilson 1996). Furthermore it is argued that Place Marketing is about ââ¬Å"the strategic manipulation of image and culture clearly provides a strong basis for coalition buildingâ⬠(Hall and Hubbard 1996). From the arguments presented, place marketing seems somewhat similar to running a business but ensuring the required facilities, services and visions for further developments are presented. Tourism as an industry, especially cultural tourism has been fully integrated into place marketing (Stabler, 1990). Holden (2000), argues that negative impacts of tourism development can harm the local communities of a place by: misuse of resources, negative behaviour and pollution of the environment. Therefore it is important that place marketing ensures it develops cultural tourism strategies keeping in mind the external factors that can harm and hinder, while satisfying the cust omers (Kang-Li 2008). Wilderness managers strive to provide a quality experience to all visitors (Dvorak and Borrie 2007). This has lead to the need to incorporate a relationship aspect in the planning and management framework. These experiences are not one off transactions. These are relationships which develop over a period of time between the visitor and the setting (Borrie and Roggenbuck 2001). There is also other aspects that have an effect on the relationship / experience a visitor would have with the wilderness setting. These factors are cultural and social forces, social institutions and the lives of visitors. These factors do change and this has an effect on the wilderness experience (Dvorak and Borrie 2007). Psychology and marketing research have provided some insight in support of this wilderness relationship (Berry 1995). One key aspect to this relationship is that the visitor tends to accumulate an experience with a particular place that associates to a certain id entity. Over a period of time the visitor develops a certain loyalty towards this particular area / place (Dvorak and Borrie 2007). It is argued that this relationship built over a period of time becomes something of an individuals culture, expressions and defining who he was and hopes to be. It is this relationship / experiences that managers/marketer of wilderness tourism would find as a challenge in promoting and sustaining. What means are available to marketers in promoting and sustaining this experience? The next section of this paper will argue how place marketing could be integrated into a wilderness marketing experience through the idea of experiential marketing. Marketing Wilderness Experiences The evolution of the philosophy of marketing management has moved from production concept, product concept, selling concept, marketing concept, societal marketing concept to relationship marketing concept. Traditionally marketing has viewed customers as being rational decision markers who care mainly about the features and benefits of the product and service they purchase (Schmitt 1999). An integral part of the marketing mix is the element of promotions better known as marketing communications. Marketing communications is a mode by which marketers / firms attempt to inform, persuade, incite and remind customers about their product or service they sell (Poul Houman 2001). This is one area in marketing which has evolved and changed dramatically over the last 20 ââ¬â 30 years (Kevin Lane 2001). This has resulted in firms faced with the challenge of designing, implementing and evaluating their communication campaigns which are unique and competitive. In other words campaigns whi ch create a unique customer experience (Mark and Robert 2002). Today the concept of selling experiences is spreading beyond theatres and theme parks. Pine and Gilmore, (1998) claim that experience is not an amorphous construct, but is as real an offering like any other service, product or commodity. Stage experiences occur when a company goes beyond the offering of a good and service by engaging with the customer to create a memorable event. Experiences have always been at the heart of tourism and entertainment (Tsaur, Chiu et al. 2007). For example Walt Disney and his company took the industry by storm with creative interactions with customers. At theme restaurants such as Hard Rock Cafà ©, Planet Hollywood the food is just a prop for what is known as ââ¬Å"eatertainmentâ⬠. But experiences are not just about the pure experience that a customer may encounter (Pine and Gilmore 1998). Companyââ¬â¢s stages an experience were they could engage with customers to present i t in a memorable way. Experience is everywhere. Companies have moved from the traditional ââ¬Å"features and benefitsâ⬠marketing towards customers encountering an experience (Schmitt 1999). To get a grasp of the concept of experiential marketing, Schmitt (1999) presented an argument comparing principles that underpin the traditional marketing approach and the experiential marketing approach. As discussed above (Schmitt 1999) argues that the traditional marketing is all about customers being rational decision makers who care about the feature and benefits. However, experiential marketing is viewing consumers as rational and emotional human beings concerned about experiencing a holistic consumption experience. Further (Schmitt 1999) claims that this shift has occurred due to omnipresence of information technology, the supremacy of brand and the ubiquity of communications and entertainment. This argument was echoed by (Pine and Gilmore 1998) when they claimed that leading- edge companies whether they sell to companies or consumers will be facing the competitive battlefield of ââ¬Å"staging experiencesâ⬠as presented above. Along with this trend, some companies adopted this concept of experiential marketing to gain competitive advantage such as Apple(Randall 2003), DaimlerChrysler (Tanya and Karl 2003), PG (Jack 2004) and IMG(Barry 2005). Sky, Nike and Strongbow are companies who have in recent years adopted the concept of experiential marketing. But some firms still remain sceptical (Mark 2007). Andy Bellass, of Splendid communication agency argues that experiential marketing has ââ¬Å"come of ageâ⬠. Bellass explains that it is becoming increasingly difficult to build relationships with customers when you are standing outside. Advertising is not dead, yet, until the circle of experience marketing is complete ââ¬â getting people to experience the brand, agencies are standing outside (Mark 2007). The biggest problem being that the def inition of experiential marketing has flaws and it lies at the roots. Marketing Director of Sledge understands experiential marketing as a ââ¬Å"medium that is focused on creating one-to-one experiences that engage consumers in deeper and more memorable waysâ⬠. Others understand it as integrating brands to peopleââ¬â¢s life styles and adding value to create an experience with the brand rather than having any interruptions. Going further some feel that the definition is becoming broader by the day. However, in saying all this, it seems apparent that traditional communication agencies are nervous how company budgets are being reallocated in favour of experiential marketing techniques (Mark 2007). For instance, research showed that 68% of companies were spending more on experiential marketing in 2005 than they did in 2004 (Mark 2007). Based on the evidence presented, it would seem although there is scepticism, budgets being allocated to experiential marketing techniques means that there is some form of success in this concept in practice. It has been acknowledged that customers are driven emotionally and rationally (Schmitt 1999). People want products and services that render a certain experience. Tourism has been a pioneer example of the experience economy (Quan and Wang 2004). The nature of the travel and tourism product is intangible. What does a consumer expect or get when they visit a tourist location? These experiences are actual. How would companies promote these locations/places? Place marketing has seen itââ¬â¢s relationships to experiential marketing. Echoing on what has already being discussed, experience comes from direct interaction/observation in an event. The core of experiential marketing is about creating an experience for the customer. Accordingly, the experience marketing trends of ââ¬Å"experiences, cultural marketing and ecological landscapeâ⬠seems to have become the core for this concept (Kang-Li 2008). Based o n this, Kang claims that these factors can evoke a consumers motivation and feelings of certain meaningful attachments, while these features and styles need to be preserved and enhanced. So far the review has demonstrated the relationship that experience marketing has had / have with tourism and place marketing. However, there seems to be a gap in the tourism literature on how this concept could be used to promote wilderness in tourism? Ability to creating that ââ¬Å"Sense of Placeâ⬠and relationship with the wilderness, seems to be limited. Empirical studies have been done on what are the key drivers that motivate people to visit major wilderness areas. However, further research needs to be done on promotional strategies for creating that wilderness tourism marketing experience (Mabunda) Over the years, psychologists and market researchers have attempted to develop techniques and methodologies to explore customer experience (2006). Understanding consumer attitudes and b ehaviour have not always been easy for marketing researchers (Athinodoros and Ronald 2002). Psychologists view attitudes as a two step process : an antecedent stimulus followed by an evaluative reaction.(Adel 2003) In their paper (Pine and Gilmore 1998), argue the importance of economic progress. They convey their thoughts by way of the following figure. Their thinking on this topic of Experience Economy argues that whether companies are selling to individual customers or organisations, they will find that the next competitive challenge is ââ¬Å"Stage Experiencesâ⬠. How does ââ¬Å"stage experiencesâ⬠influence the promotion of wilderness in tourism? Does it create a greater impact on marketing of wilderness in tourism? Summary The aim of the research project is to evaluate if experiential marketing would have a great impact than tradition marketing and branding approaches in promoting wilderness as a tourist destination. The literature review provided a rationale for this main aim, whereby the outcome included in the review illustrated the need for further research in the area of wilderness in tourism marketing. The first section of the literature review focus on the evolution of tourism. The review demonstrated that there is a high level of evidence on defining the term tourism. However, it was evident that the term ââ¬Å"tourismâ⬠in its simplest form was understood as people moving to different places for the purpose of pleasure or work. It was noted that in the 1990ââ¬â¢s tourism evolved to a high level of definition. Evidence was presented that tourism diversified into adventure tourism, nature based tourism and events. Through the years it was noted that nature based tourism has grow n extensively within the tourism literature. Nature based tourism was understood as being primarily motivated by the interest in the environment (Burton, 1998) It was further argued that the Nature Based Tourisms and eco tourism although similar in nature had a distinctive difference. Although it was argued that ecotourism was some form of nature based tourism. (Goodwin, 1996) Much of the literature demonstrated that visitors of natural environments(ecotourism) would gain a new perspective or experience. (Hunter 1994, Ziffer, 1989: 5ââ¬â8; Ceballos-Lascurain, 1996: 22 and Boo, 1990: 10) Moreover the literature review provided evidence to show that ecotourism was proclaimed to similar to that of the concept of Wilderness Recreation in North America. (Boyd Butler, 1993: 11) In stating these factors a gap in the literature demonstrated that little empirical studies were done on wilderness and the relating ââ¬Å"sense of placeâ⬠. Literature review then moved on to explore the concept of wilderness. Literature revealed that the term Wilderness was originated initially in the context of the bible. (Nash 1974) The term wilderness evolved from the eras of Christianity, (Nash 1974), to Judeo-Christian (Dilworth 2006), to Puritan tradition, to Utilitarian view, to Romantic and Transcendentalist. (Nash 2001). It was evident that none of the definitions were complimentary to each other. The conclusion gained from the evidence presented was that there was no single definition for wilderness as it meant different things to different people. A recent study proved this thinking. A study on images of wilderness revealed that the sample of students understood wilderness as natural landscapes lacking human sign, particularly mountains, lakes, and forests. The question was then raised, what are mountains, lakes and forests? This debate seems to be endless! Next the literature revealed that popular adventure activities often took place in the wilderness. Eviden ce proved that visitors on these adventurous excursions and activities always have a positive and enjoyable experience. (Arnould and Price 1993) It was noted that making these activities to commercial packages needed a carefully thought of marketing campaign as wilderness tourism has a human intervention. The greatest challenge all marketers of Wilderness would experience is the ability to comodify the idea of wilderness in tourism to ensure a memorable lasting experience. To explore the idea of comodification of wilderness experience, it was prudent to first understand the concept of marketing and its evolution. The next section of this literature review demonstrated this aspect of the subject area. Place marketing needs to be included. It was understood that traditionally marketing was viewed as customers being rational decision makers. They mainly cared about features and benefits of a product or service they purchased. It has been noted that the promotional element better known as marketing communications has played a major role in this conversion of features to benefit thinking. However it was presented that this element has had a rapid evolution over the years. (Kevin Lane 2001). The focus has been to develop marketing communication campaigns that would create a unique customer experience. (Mark and Robert 2002) The idea of Experience Economy was introduced in the last decade by (Pine and Gilmore 1998). They argue that this experience economy will find out that the next challenge is Stage Experience ââ¬â where the company goes beyond customerââ¬â¢s expectations by ensuring the customers engages with the product or the service to experience something of a memorable event. This type of experience was pioneered within the tourism and entertainment industry. An example was Disney World. (Tsaur, Chiu et al. 2007) Furthermore the paper presented an argument comparing the principles underpinning traditional marketing and experiential marketing sited by Schmitt (1999). His argument was that traditional marketing is about customers caring about features and benefits where as experiential marketing was all about a holistic consumption experience. Although research showed that companies are spending more on experiential marketing techniques, the definition and understanding the concept was still fluid in the minds of most. The paper then went on to discuss about place marketing and the role it has played in t he tourism industry. It was identified that tourism is all about place marketing as it is intangible and is an actual experience. Over years place marketing has played a prominenet role in promoting tourism of all sorts. However, empirical evidence was not present in how wilde rness has been promoted to create a last memorable experience. It is this gap in literature that has led to the need to further research the possibility of using experiential marketing in promoting Wilderness in Tourism. References (2006). FT.com site : Part One: The rise of experiential marketing. FT.com: 1. Adel, M. A. (2003). A deeper look at the attitude-behavior consistency assumption in information systems satisfaction research. The Journal of Computer Information Systems 44(1): 57. Alistair, W. (2006). Tourism and hospitality marketing: fantasy, feeling and fun. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 18(6): 482. Arnould, E. J. and L. L. Price (1993). River magic: extraordinary experience and the extended service encounter. Journal of Consumer Research 20: 24-25. Athinodoros, C. and H. Ronald (2002). Theory building for experiential consumption: The use of the phenomenological tradition to analyze international tourism. American Marketing Association. Conference Proceedings 13: 318. Barry, J. (2005). IMG Pumps Live Marketing; NFL Clout Gets Put to the Test. Brandweek 46(12): 14. Berry, L. L. (1995). Relationship marketing of services: Growing interest, emerging pe rspectives. Journal of Academy of Marketing Sciences 23(4): 236 245. Borrie, W. T. and J. W. Roggenbuck (2001). The dynamic, emergent, and multi-phasic nature of on-site wilderenss experiences. Journal of Leisure Research 33(2): 202 -228. Burton, F. (1998). Can Ecotourism Objectives Be Achieved? Annals of Tourism Research 25: 755-758. Demaziere, C. and P. A. Wilson (1996). Local economic development in Europe and the Americas London, Mansell. Dilworth, G. (2006). Defining Wilderness with Pictures: An Exploratory Study. Proceedings of the 2006 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium. Dvorak, R. G. and W. T. Borrie (2007). Changing Relationships with Wilderness. International Journal of Wilderness 13(3): 12 15. Eric, J. A., L. P. Linda, et al. (1998). Communicative staging of the wilderness servicescape. The Service Industries Journal 18(3): 90. Hall, T. and P. Hubbard (1996). The entrepreneurial city:New urban politics, new urban geographies. Progress in Hum an Geography 20(2): 153 174. Jack, N. (2004). PG plays catch up, turns to experiential marketing. Advertising Age 75(32): 10. Kang-Li, W. (2008). Developing a Paradigm and Strategies for Sustainable Place Marketing: The Experience of Taiwan. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge 13(1): 45. Kevin Lane, K. (2001). Mastering the Marketing Communications Mix: Micro and Macro Perspectives on Integrated Marketing Communication Programs. Journal of Marketing Management 17: 819-847. Mark, A. M. and A. O. Robert (2002). Consumer experience tourism and brand bonding. The Journal of Product and Brand Management 11(1): 30. Mark, J. (2007). Has experiential marketing matured? Campaign: 19. Metaxas, T. (2005). Marketing Research and target market segmentation in Place Marketing Procedues: A structural analysis. 11: 47-60. Nash, R., Ed. (2001). Wilderness and the American mind. New Haven, Yale University Press. Nash, R. F. (1974). Wilderness and the American m ind. Yale U.P, New Haven [etc.]. Olson, S. F. and D. Backes (2001). The meaning of wilderness essential articles and speeches. Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press. Palmer, A. and D. Bejou (1995). Tourism destination marketing alliances. Annals of Tourism Research 22(3): 616-629. Pine, I. I. B. J. and J. H. Gilmore (1998). WELCOME TO THE EXPERIENCE ECONOMY. Harvard Business Review 76(4): 97-105. Poul Houman, A. (2001). Relationship development and marketing communication: An integrative model. The Journal of Business Industrial Marketing 16(3): 167. Quan, S. and N. Wang (2004). Towards a structural model of the tourist experience: an illustration from food experiences in tourism. Tourism Management 25(3): 297 305. Randall, R. (2003). Plenty to learn from Apples near-perfect iTunes store. Advertising Age 74(23): 22. Relph, E. (1976). Place and Placelessness. London, Pion. Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential Marketing. Journal of Marketing Management 15(1- 3): 53-67. STANKEY, G. H. (1989). Beyond the Campfireââ¬â¢s Light:Historical Roots of the Wilderness Concept. Natural Resources Journal 29: 9-29. Tanya, I. and G. Karl (2003). Chrysler, Mercedes take show on the road. Adweek 44(17): 8. Theilmann, J. M. (1987). Medieval Pilgrims and the Origins of Tourism. The Journal of Popular Culture 20(4): 93-102. Theobald, W. F. (2005). Global tourism. Oxford, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Tsaur, S.-H., Y.-T. Chiu, et al. (2007). The Visitors Behavioral Consequences of Experiential Marketing: An Empirical Study on Taipei Zoo. Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing 21: 47-64. Tuan, Y.-f. (1974). Topophilia: a study of environmental perception, attitudes, and values. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall. Tuohino, A. In Search of the Spirit of the Lake Lakes as an opportunity for tourism marketing, Savonlinna Institute for Regional Development and Research University of Joensuu. White, L. (1967). Historical Roots of ou r Ecological Crisis. Sciences 155(3767): 1203-1207. celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-69126246343206821662019-12-18T21:43:00.001-08:002019-12-18T21:43:02.594-08:00Visiting Venice - Guide to Places of Interest and Travel Plans AssignmentEssays on Visiting Venice - Guide to Places of Interest and Travel Plans Assignment The paper ââ¬Å"Visiting Venice - Guide to Places of Interest and Travel Plans" is an inspiring example of an assignment on tourism. There are a thousand reasons as to why one would choose to visit Venice. The city is breathtaking and truly romantic, especially for couples. The city rests on stilts and consists of a maze of islands, brides which totals to over 400 and also canals. In all the six quarters, that is; Santa Croce, San Polo, Cannaregio, Castello, San Marco and Dorsoduro, one can easily access Venice. Lack of motor vehicles in the city also makes one have a pleasant and unique experience in Venice as it is the only city in the world where it is purely a pedestrian city. Gothic, Renaissance and Byzantine styles which can be traced back to the 15th century dominates the landmarks in Venice. In this itinerary, we are going to consider two kinds of couples. One couple is old or otherwise visible achievers and they would like to spend their holiday in exquisite places where th ey will enjoy top of class services offered in Venice. Throughout Venice, they aim at educational trips and ones in a while activities that will keep them busy. The other couple is young or otherwise young optimism and they have come to spend their honeymoon in Venice. In this trip they are to be cautious about their budget hence in planning for their excursions, we are supposed to try and limit where they go and focus on the places that will not need a lot of spending.In choosing the places they are to go, the itinerary has incorporated activities that will revolve around romantic sites and the places they are to go should be more of adventure rather than educational. To make sure that both couples do not regret on their visit to Venice, the itinerary is going to ensure that they visit Veniceââ¬â¢s major attractions some of them being the Grand Canal, the museums that have a great attachment to Venice history and not forgetting St Markââ¬â¢s and its environs, Veneto hills and the major islands surrounding Venice. In this report we are also going to consider the 7 Pââ¬â¢s used in marketing giving a justification as to why the places were chosen for either couple A or couple B. In the conclusion, the report incorporates recommendations on the areas discussed. celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-29853319824557481802019-12-10T18:25:00.001-08:002019-12-10T18:25:04.139-08:00Critical Analysis Of Silence Of The Lambs Essay Example For Students Critical Analysis Of Silence Of The Lambs Essay Clarice Starling is a precociously self-disciplined FBI trainee who is put into the position of trying to unravel the mind of an evil genius, Hannibal the cannibal Lecter, in order to find the answers needed to capture the serial killer, Jame Gumb, also known as Buffalo Bill. The psychological background is very strong in all of the characters, lending to their believability, except for some fragile associations between the characters Lecter and Gumb. The intrigue of Gumb with moths is particularly worth noting, since there is very little evidence of prior criminals being documented as having used this sort of post mortem decoration, yet the logic of the idea is impeccable. Starling is the protagonist in the book, and the majority of the story line takes place from her point of view. She is driven by memories of her childhood, which is a recurring theme throughout the book. Most of these are in the form of flashbulb memories, a recollection of an event so powerful that the recollection is highly vivid and richly detailed, as if it were preserved on film Brown Kulik, 1977. She draws upon these memories for courage, and they give her the strength of will to accomplish whatever task it is she is about to perform. Hannibal Lecter is neither an antagonist nor protagonist, but more like a middleman throughout the novel. He doles out parcels of knowledge to Clarice Starling in order to test her strength of mind, and to benefit himself by getting rewards for helping the FBI, such as a room with a window and unlimited access to books and any other sort of research material he might want, especially the criminal file on Buffalo Bill. He also wants to learn more about Starling, and the only way she usually got any information from him was through exchanging his knowledge for tidbits from her childhood. Jane Gumb is an enigma during most of the book, and is an unseen antagonist except for brief periods when the author switches to his point of view to enlighten the reader to exactly what Gumb is thinking about before he commits his murders, and shed some light upon what sort of personality Gumb has. He is a heavy-set cross-dresser who kidnaps girls of his size and then flays them in order to make body suits out of their skin. He is based upon the real life sexual psychopath, Edward Gein, who was also classified as schizophrenic. During the 1950s he gained notoriety as one of the most famous combinations of necrophilia, transvestitism, and fetishism Martingale, 1995. With the exception of necrophilia, Jame Gumb had an almost identical psychological make-up. The only true weak link in the authors psychological profile of the characters is exactly how Lecter knew of Gumb and how he relayed the information to Starling. Lecter prided himself on being able to figure things out on his own, yet the revelation of his knowing Jame Gumb came about through recalling a memory of one of his past patients, who was also a lover to Gumb and one of Lecters final victims. The fact that Lecter did not use any of his ample critical thinking skills into coming up with a suspect for the Buffalo Bill murders seems very out of line with his nature. This is the only inconsistency the author makes; yet it plays an intregal part in the book and its outcome. There are no other discrepancies in the psychological backgrounds of the other characters, from Starlings pragmatic way of thinking, to Jame Gumbs inclination towards wearing the skin of another human being. .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f , .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f .postImageUrl , .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f , .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f:hover , .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f:visited , .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f:active { border:0!important; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f:active , .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf3ef12ef6bf40b12f1ade8f0cb11206f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Air Bud EssayAnother aspect of the story is Gumbs fascination with the metamorphosis of moths, particularly the deaths head moth. After the killing of each victim, Gumb places a moth just coming out of its chrysalis into the back of the throat of the victim. The significance of this is that with each skin Gumb is becoming more and more of a woman, with larger breasts, and a more effeminate body shape. The skull on the back of the moth is to signal the death of the old Jame Gumb, whereas the chrysalis is communicating the birth of the new Gumb. A tenuous theory put forth by Starling, and since it is fiction, the author could write the story in order to prove this theory. In conclusion, the research that went into the book Silence of the Lambs is remarkable. The psychological profiles of each of the characters remains strong even against the most rigorous of skepticism, and although the plot is very frail and almost over reaching in some parts, the depth of each of the personas as well as the writers fast paced style more than make up for the weakness of some parts of the plot. celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-21313163094690422082019-12-03T06:08:00.001-08:002019-12-03T06:08:04.397-08:00The view that secondary socialisation is responsible for the creation of gender identities in the contemporary UK Essay ExampleThe view that secondary socialisation is responsible for the creation of gender identities in the contemporary UK Essay In this essay, I shall be discussing the roles of secondary socialisation in both the creation and promotion of existing gender identities in the UK. The two social institutions I will be looking at are education, and the media these both constitute as being ways of how we are socialised into particular roles, in this case through secondary socialisation. Firstly, we need to establish what gender roles are so we are able to discuss the importance of socialisation in education and the media on these roles. Ann Oakley distinguishes between sex (the biological differences between males and females) and gender (culturally created differences), in that she focuses on what society defines as masculine and feminine behaviours, roles, attitudes, expectations and so on. Gender identity is the result of gender role socialisation, unlike sex, which is biologically determined. When discussing masculinities and femininities we need to appreciate that these are not merely two types of gender identities, but that in fact, there are different types of these identities. This has been highlighted by Connell, who illustrated that there are both dominant and subordinate forms of these identities, for example, gay sexuality is a subordinate from of masculinity. So in fact, we should not be referring merely to masculinity and femininity, but to masculinities and femininities. Drawing on the nature/nurture debate, Joan Smith (1997) stated that men and women become different because they are treated differently. In other words, socialisation and upbringing are more important than nature. We will write a custom essay sample on The view that secondary socialisation is responsible for the creation of gender identities in the contemporary UK specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The view that secondary socialisation is responsible for the creation of gender identities in the contemporary UK specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The view that secondary socialisation is responsible for the creation of gender identities in the contemporary UK specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This suggests that biological differences in fact play no, or little, part in how our behaviour differs, but that in fact, gender identities are actually socially constructed, and then promoted through various social institutions. Evidence to support the social construction of gender identities comes from research into AIS, and also from cross cultural studies which show that different cultures define acceptable gender roles differently, proving that biology is not the main factor in determining male and female behaviour. Discussion of popular culture, including the roles of magazines and books leads us to consider: How are men and women represented in popular culture, and what role does this play in reproducing gender roles and identities? Firstly, we shall look at the idea that the education system is responsible for the creation of gender identities in the UK. Most importantly, we will be looking at how males and females learn their gender identities in education by assessing the role of childrens books in the promotion of, or the distinction between, gender identities. We already know that educational institutions play an important role in socialising children for adult roles, but how exactly do we learn our gender identities from education? Michelle Stanworth (1983) introduced the idea of a hidden curriculum whereby not only do children learn formal subjects such as Maths, English etc. , but from the school experience, they are also receiving hidden messages about their class, ethnicity, and gender. As Stanworth found, this may be from the teachers in a study, one male teacher was quoted as saying, of one of his female students, that she was likely to become: a personal assistant to someone rather important. (I. e. this teacher means a man. ) In addition, it has been found that male students are likely to get more attention from staff than girls, even if girls outnumbered boys. An important way we learn our gender identities in education is through the use of books. Dale Spender suggested that women are made invisible in our culture, in that their lives and achievements are not represented as being as being of any significance, or may even be trivialised. This idea is supported perfectly when we look at childrens books. Many studies, including Lobban (74) and Best (93) have provided us with interesting findings. In the majority of childrens books, male characters tend to outnumber female characters by anything up to three to one. Additionally, when female characters do appear, they are likely to be in traditionally stereotypical female roles. Male characters often appear as being heroes, are adventurous, and out of the home situation. How does this affect the children who are reading the books, and how does it promote gender identities? Young girls are likely to get the impression that they should serve men (happy servitude), and the use of male heroes implies that women need to be rescued. For boys, they learn that men are big, adventurous, heterosexual and also protect women. These effects are a clear example of how this form of secondary socialisation (education) promotes, and highlights the differences between gender identities. The second way we are socialised into gender roles is through the media. This includes books, the radio, television, videos and films, but we will look more specifically at magazines. In Angela McRobbies findings (82), she demonstrated perfectly that the magazines girls read do in fact redefine, or even create, gender identities. When looking at Jackie magazine, she found that it helped to define girls identities and expectations from childhood onwards. She focused particularly on how the magazine constructed a female world based around the ideals of romance, fashion, and pop music. The effects this had on young girls was that it promoted the idea that their primary task was to get a man and that their primary identity would be based on getting a man. Ferguson (85) added to this idea, stating that womens magazines promote the view that women should concentrate on cooking, housework, and childcare. Furthermore, these are seen to be the main roles of women, and clearly define female identity as one which is centred around housework and childcare. Although Ferguson recognises that since her first studies in the 40s, there has been a change in how this message is promoted in magazines, she does reiterate that nowadays, the predominant message is one of femininity being centred on childcare and housework. Taking a more general look at magazines aimed at females, we can draw certain conclusions about how we learn our gender identities through the media. Most magazines aimed at young women, seem to have an unhealthy concern with appearance, health, and beauty. Many of the articles focus on diets, especially so called celebrity diets which are an even more effective way of promoting diets, as young women are more likely to imitate the behaviour of people who they already look up to. This promotes the view that females should predominantly focus on their appearance. Looking at a recent issue of Company magazine, we can see that there are 49 health and beauty articles, compared to six articles on real life issues. This implies to the reader that health, beauty, and physical appearance are more important than real life issues, socialising them into a female gender identity based on these values. When looking at (heterosexual) mens magazines, such as FHM or Loaded, we can see that they are based around the idea that a mans main interest is to have sex. Most of the articles are written in a way which almost give advice on how to get women. The magazine is socialising the reader into what is nowadays seen as typical masculine behaviour. This is done by the content being predominantly about lad-culture, and provides a good source, for young males, of somewhere to learn typical male behaviour from. This shows how secondary socialisation can create gender identities in the UK. To conclude, we need to look at other factors, aside from secondary socialisation, and cannot ignore the main source for our socialisation, (primary socialisation,) which is the family. Our parents are likely to treat us differently from other siblings of a different sex, although it may be unintentional. This can include the way they dress us, they way they may restrain or encourage particular behaviour we display, and may even be evident in the toys they buy us. For example, giving boys tractors encourages them to do manual work and giving girls dolls encourages them to be caring and motherly. This is surely an important institution, and we must acknowledge its effects on the promotion of gender identities. We also need to reiterate that there are different types of masculinities and femininities, and need to recognise how these might be promoted through secondary socialisation. For example, nowadays, there are many different types of men represented in the media. We are shown more traditional men such as Tony Blair who has a high-powered job and has a wife and children. But also, we are faced with images of David Beckham, who, although being a football player, (a typically masculine career,) has challenged typical masculine roles, by toying with feminine identities, without actually being homosexual. He has done this by, for example, wearing nail varnish, or by appearing on the cover of gay magazine Attitude. To conclude, we have seen that both the media, and education do socialise gender specific behaviour into us from an early age. Personally, I do not find one of these institutions to be more effective than the other, but when considering other institutions, such as peer group influence, and the effects of the family, we can see that our gender identity is very much taught to us, and is by no means biologically predetermined, instinctual behaviour. celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-17930356163132411482019-11-27T11:44:00.001-08:002019-11-27T11:44:03.071-08:00Rainforest Depletion essaysRainforest Depletion essays Long ago, the Earth had a green belt of rain forests around its middle that covered almost twelve percent of the earth's land surface.(Miller we can no longer use the excuse of ignorance."(Hammond 2) People need to try harder to stop rain forest depletion. There are two major areas on earth where rain forests are located. One of these areas is called "The Old World Tropics," which includes Africa and Asia. In Africa, the rain forests are primarily located around the Zaire river. The other area in which rain forests are located is called "The New World Tropics," which contains Central and South America. The New World tropics are in lower altitudes as opposed to the Old World tropics, which are at higher altitudes. Rain forests are located around the equator. This location of the rain forests makes them warm and humid all year round. There are never cold winters in the rain forests. During winter in the rain forests, people comfortably are able to wear T-shirts and shorts. The rain forest has a rainy season which usually lasts most of the year. "The rain forests of the world are home to more than half of the animal species that live on earth."(CSIRO 1) Many of these creatures are some of the most beautiful and odd creatures in the world, Such as the large rodent Capybara, the Anteater, and many different colorful exotic birds. There are many beautiful creatures living in our Earth's rain forests. Many people are ignorant to the effects of rain forest depletion on our environment, and this ignorance is a major cause in the beginning of the destruction of the rain forests. "E... celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-59133701799276961602019-11-23T19:18:00.001-08:002019-11-23T19:18:03.151-08:00Employee Privacy Rights in the WorkplaceEmployee Privacy Rights in the Workplace Free Online Research Papers Employee Privacy Rights in the Workplace When you are an employee, you would want to be treated and compensated fairly at all times. Many employees today are aware of all their legal rights that they have at their workplace. They can find all the rights through their employee handbook, and/or through their Human Resources center. But there are still some employees that are not aware about their rights at all. When discussing about employee rights at work, managers and employees seems to have different point of view. Managers want their employees to do their jobs that they are entitling to do. They also want their employees to do their best and not to waste any time on their personal stuff thatââ¬â¢s not related to their job. While most employees want to perform their best at work, but still want to be able to have some personal space. Employee Privacy Rights in the Workplace are essential because it helps to protect the integrity of the employees and the company. Every employer wants their employees to do well, and to be able to perform their jobs descriptions. That is why many companies are being very strict with their employees about using companyââ¬â¢s essentials for personal uses. Most companies donââ¬â¢t even let their employees use the companyââ¬â¢s essentials such as telephones, computer terminals, and internet access during their break time. The reason is that when the computers are used for personal purposes, it can cause other computers in the company to run slower, because it might be using a different program, and another reason is that someone can hacked into the companyââ¬â¢s computer and steal all the companyââ¬â¢s data base, private information, and ect. To avoid any of these things from happening the company can set aside a few old/used computers that employees can use during t heir break times to check their emails, or to use it for personal use. That way the company can feel safe and secure that none of their data, or any business related information can be lost. The company should also have a sign stated that these computers are still being monitored for websites only, which means there will be no monitoring into anyoneââ¬â¢s emails, or personal stuff. This will help to ensure that no employees are using the computers for inappropriate usage, such as using the computers to go on inappropriate websites. Every employee wants to do their job well, and to be able to perform their job descriptions, but they do not want their every moved to be logged or monitored. With many new technologies employers are now able to monitor every aspect of their employees. Employersââ¬â¢ can monitor their employees on the telephones, computer terminals, and internet access. In the Employee Issues (2003-2008) states that ââ¬Å"Up to 92% of private-sector employers conduct some type of electronic surveillance on their employees. Most company may do so even without the consent or knowledge of their employeesâ⬠(para. 1). Every employees should have the right to know if there is any type of monitoring going on, such as computer key strokes and files, internet, web, and email usage, locations, movements, and activities, phone conversations, and phone numbers that have been dialed, and job performances. That way they are informed of what is going on around them, so that they donââ¬â¢t feel l ike they are been invaded at any point. Many employers will record their employeeââ¬â¢s phone calls for reasons of quality controls, without having any consent from their employees. How is this invading the privacy of the employees? When the call is being monitored without any knowledge of the employee, it makes it harder on the employee. The reason for that is because when an employee is making a phone call to a customer and it is being recorded without any consent to the employee that is invading the privacy between the employee and the customer. For instances the conversations between the employee and customers are private, and the customer do not want anyone to know what they are talking about. When the conversations are being recorded without informing the employee or the customer the conversations is then isnââ¬â¢t private anymore. That can cause the customers to lose trust and interest in the company and the employee, when the customer finds out that the conversations between them and the employee were n ot private and that they were not being informed about the recorded conversations. But when the company is being honest and letting their employees know that all their phone calls are being monitored or recorded, they can let the customers know before they start any conversation. That way the customers will appreciate the employee and the employee will appreciate the company more by letting them know what is going on. Employers can also let their employees know when there is any monitoring by putting a peep tone on the phone, that way the employee knows that the conversation is being recorded, and they can let the customer know if they need to. Not many employers want their employees to have personal phone calls while they are at work. There are many employees that have kids or their own personal stuff that they have to sometimes deal with even when they are at work. Sometimes employees use their work time to make personal phone calls to check up on things that is going on that they might be worried about because they are at work. Most employees know their limits on personal phone calls. Employers should allow their employees to be able to make personal phone calls if needed, but with a minimal time limit. When the employees know that the company cares about their employees they would want to work harder for them, because they feel like they have some personal space at work when needed. When the employees are making personal phone calls there shouldnââ¬â¢t be any recording or monitoring going on because thatââ¬â¢s invading their privacy. In the Privacy Rights Clearing House (1993-2006) stated that ââ¬Å"An imp ortant exception is made for personal calls. Under federal case law, when an employer realizes the call is personal, he or she must immediately stop monitoring the callâ⬠. (Watkins v. L.M. Berry Co., 704 F.2d 577, 583 (11th Cir. 1983). Unless the employee chooses to use a specific phone thatââ¬â¢s strictly for business to make a personal phone call then they are taking a risk that the call may be monitored. Otherwise every personal phone call shouldnââ¬â¢t be monitored unless told otherwise. To help keep the employees to use the companyââ¬â¢s phones, employers should create a policy that states: 1When needed to make any personal phone calls please use your mobile phone first. 2)If you do not have a mobile phone, there is a phone that they can use for personal calls when needed. 3)If they choose to use a phone thatââ¬â¢s not designated for personal calls, their call might be monitored or recorded. 4)There are specific computers that employees can use during their break time for any personal use, there will monitor these computers web sites only. There is no monitoring into the employees, email or personal stuff. This will help to ensure that no employees are using the computer for inappropriate usage, such as inappropriate websites. These policies will help the employees understand more about what the companyââ¬Ës policy on personal phone calls. It will also help to prevent from invading anyoneââ¬â¢s personal space or anyoneââ¬â¢s personal privacy. Employee Privacy Rights in the Workplace are essential because it helps to protect the integrity of the employees and the company. Every employee should have the rights to know about everything that is going on in the company. They should all be aware of what is happening, what is important that they can learn from, and they should always be updated or informed about any new policies that the company has. It is really important that the employee understands what the companyââ¬â¢s point of view is, that will make the employee more knowledgeable about the company. Every company should have a written policy about monitoring employees, the policy should include that every phone in the company are been monitor or recorded, except for specific phones that are for employees to use when needed for personal calls. The policy should be posted where employees are able to see it, and it should also be in their employee handbook. These policies will help to protect the privacy of the e mployees, customers, and the company. Watching Workers (2007) stated that ââ¬Å"respecting the personal lives of your employees is good business. Research Papers on Employee Privacy Rights in the WorkplaceTwilight of the UAWAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceResearch Process Part OneThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3627548206583872724.post-5358187354404755972019-11-21T05:40:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:40:08.948-08:00APPLIED PROJECT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsAPPLIED PROJECT - Research Paper Example Health Savings Accounts Introduction Health care is one of the basic needs and therefore every person is entitled to proper health care. The government may fund medical expenses but that is only to certain limit. This places the responsibility of better and advanced health care in the hands of the individual. In the US, taxpayers enrolled in High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) have an advantage of benefiting from HSA, a custodial account or tax-advantaged/ tax-exempted medical savings account (Feldstein, 2006). Description of HSA At the time of deposit, funds contributed to HSA are exempted from federal income tax. Unlike the Health Reimbursement Arrangements (HRAs) which are company owned, HSAs are owned by individuals. A qualified trustee for example an insurance company, a bank or anybody who has already been approved by the Individual Retirement Arrangements (IRAs), is required for the setting up of an HSA. Currently, funds in the HSAs can be used to fund qualified medical expense s at any moment without penalty or federal tax liability (Heffley and Miceli, 1997). HSA is important in enhancing the efficiency of the general health care system and reducing growth in the costs of health care (Ozanna, 1996). This account also encourages individuals to save money that will be used for future medical expenses hence they are able to receive the kind of medical care at any time. This means no one can limit the benefits they are allowed to enjoy at any time. It makes people to see the cost of medical procedures or doctors and this motivates them to shop for healthcare and ask related questions just as they do in other expenses. Withdrawals made from the HSA for non-medical expenses done after retirement provide tax advantages just as those in the IRA but if taken earlier, they incur penalties. The attractive advantages provided by HSA have led to its increased consumption. Since the passage of federal legislation that offer incentives to individuals who choose such pl ans as HSA, there has been a boost in consumer driven health care (CDHC) in the US since 2003. This has led to an increase in the annual consumption of HSA. This is indicated by the consumer surveys data of 2010 and that of 2011 that supports the acceptance of HSA in the US one of the mainstream healthcare options (Tables 1 and 2) (IRS, 2010 and IRS 2011). It is also supported by 2004-2011 contribution limits that indicate a general upward trend for all the years as seen in Table 3. The consumer survey data also indicates that individuals with a health care plan that is compatible with HSA have similar characteristics as those with traditional health care plans like PPQs and HMOs. These include age, income and health. Consumer survey revealed that 59.8% were aged 45 years and above, the annual household income for 42.1% of the consumers ranged between $50,000 and $100,000 and 95.8% considered themselves to be of better or average health (Feldstein, 2006). In terms of annual growth, HSA has been experiencing a general positive growth. As of January 2007, 4.5 Americans were covered by health plans that are HSA-qualified. This was indicated by data from survey conducted by Americaââ¬â¢s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP) on health insurers. This represented a 1.3 million increase since January 2006. Among the 4.5 million people 3.4 were covered through plans that were sponsored by their employers while the celestechapmhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03554744429874809043noreply@blogger.com0