Thursday, August 27, 2020

A Comparative Essay Of The Poems ‘Salome’ (C.A.Duffy) and ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ (S.Plath) Essay Example for Free

A Comparative Essay Of The Poems ‘Salome’ (C.A.Duffy) and ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ (S.Plath) Essay ‘Salome’ via Carol Ann Duffy and ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ by Sylvia Plath have numerous likenesses and contrasts. ‘Salome’ is apparently a sonnet about an individual, undoubtedly a lady, who awakens and finds ‘a head on the pillow’ close to them. The sonnet keeps on enumerating their prompt activities lastly uncovers that this head is in truth ‘on a platter’. ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ shows up on a superficial level to depict the strengthening felt by a person as they investigate their command over a case of honey bees. A fascinating closeness is the two artists are female. C. A. Duffy was conceived in Glasgow in 1995 and is the oldest of five youngsters. Plath was conceived in 1932 and was conceived in Boston. On the off chance that you read the sonnets from a true to life point of view it is conceivable to distinguish certain components which the writer has included because of their own conditions. By and by, I accept that both C. A. Duffy and S. Plath have focuses to make. For instance, Duffy’s sonnet could be believed to have numerous connects to the job of lady in the public arena and the force they have over their male partners. This psychological demeanor, which has separated through into her verse, could originate from the reality she is the principal ladies and the main transparently gay individual to hold the situation of Britain’s artist laureate. So also, ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ contains incendiary thoughts of intensity and perhaps undertones to ladies playing an untraditional job in the public arena. In ‘Salome’ the pace, tone, beat and structure are completely broken. This is exceptionally powerful as it mirrors the mental remaining of the voice in the sonnet. The impact is made through the methods of enjambment and facetious inquiries and these can be seen in the fifth line â€Å"what did it make a difference? . The line is secluded and this causes the reader’s to notice it. Close by this the facetious inquiry at that point propels the peruser to think â€Å"what did it make a difference? †. This underlines the point to the peruser that it does make a difference and is significant in the given setting of the sonnet. On the other hand, ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ is produced using six uniform verses of five lines. There is little by method of caesura and it along these lines varies extraordinarily, regarding structure at any rate, from ‘Salome’. Actually, I accept this is on the grounds that the speaker is depicted as being increasingly gathered and alright with the got power, comparative with the voice in ‘Salome’. The subsequent line is a phenomenal model; â€Å"Square as a seat and too overwhelming to even consider lifting. † The rhyme of ‘square’ and ‘chair’ gives a positive sound and thus this can be believed to connote control and pleasure in power. The above proof proposes that C. A. Duffy and S. Plath both have various thoughts on what direction fundamentally is ideal to impart their thoughts. Be that as it may, I accept the free structure of ‘Salome’ includes more than the inflexible structure of ‘The Arrival of The Bee Box’ as it creates an additional measurement wherein perusers can have more opportunity to decipher the ideal importance of the sonnet themselves. Necessary to the two sonnets is the topic of intensity and the connection it has with the proprietor, particularly ladies. The closeness and authority is this assault on the cliché sees that whenever permitted to stand could drive lady to the fringe of society. In ‘Salome’ the voice is fairly a ‘player’ and it is this scopophilic demeanor which creates Duffy’s point. In a cutting edge society it is frequently observed as ‘cool’ or ‘macho’ for a male to lay down with numerous ladies. Conversely, on the off chance that females reproduce these activities, at that point they have a high potential for success of being assaulted with censorious terms. No doubt S. Plath would decided to concentrate more on the enthusiasm of intensity. She alludes to various occasions ever (Greek, Slave Trade, Roman). This sets a serious showy environment in light of the fact that alluding to these superpowers through the ages causes the peruser to welcome the significance of intensity in our general public both before, present and future. It features the way that in Duffy’s supposition (and I concur) that it is installed in people to search out force and control others. Generally speaking, the two artists have comparable topics in their sonnets yet decided to communicate them in various manners. A comparability between the two sonnets is that they make inferences to either strict names or various pieces of the Bible. C. A. Duffy in ‘Salome’ decides to utilize notorious Christian names, for example, John and Peter. Though S. Plath utilizes the idea of a paradise; â€Å"There is the laburnum, its light corridors, And the underskirts of the cherry. † The portrayal of this idealistic setting could be connected to the emotions felt by the voice in ‘Salome’ when she/it says ‘I saw my eyes glitter†¦and ain’t life a bitch’. The voice seems as if it is fulfilled, equity has been done and it has arrived at an allegorical goal. This goal, as I would see it, is that the voice feels like they have by one way or another arrived at correspondence by submitting this peculiar demonstration. A huge impact as far as language in the two sonnets is the individual pronoun ‘I’. This likeness is doubtlessly because of the common them of intensity in every sonnet. The storytellers are attempting to communicate that they are the ones in control. The language in the two sonnets is shortsighted however the words can be utilized in very intricate manners. The two writers have decided not to overcomplicate their language and I think they have made their sonnets entirely open to all individuals. Hues are utilized in the two sonnets for various impacts. In ‘Salome’ the ‘red sheets’ could connote the resentment felt by the voice for the shameful acts that have driven them to attempt the outrage. In ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ ‘the underskirts of the cherry’ and the ‘blond colonnades’ are utilized as the shades of the paradise. The utilization of hues is distinctive in every sonnet except both function admirably. Taking everything into account, I feel that Carol Ann Duffy and Sylvia Plath are both effective in introducing their thoughts in the two sonnets. The sonnets are left not entirely clear and relying upon the sort of perusing you embrace (frontier, true to life, and so forth) they can mean various things to various individuals. In any case, I for one feel that ‘Salome’ is additionally fascinating and hypnotizing to the peruser. This is in all likelihood because of the reality I discovered ‘The Arrival Of The Bee Box’ unreasonably theoretical for me and I thought that it was hard to get a handle on. I think the sonnets have opened my eyes not exclusively to the imbalances felt by specific gatherings of society yet in addition to the inconsistencies over the globe all in all.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

College Physics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

School Physics - Research Paper Example As indicated by the electromagnetic hypothesis, a charged molecule in quickened movement must transmit vitality as electromagnetic radiation. So an electron spinning around the core should likewise transmit vitality lastly fall into the core following a winding way. 5. In spite of the fact that these quarks can not be disengaged separately, however in blend with the others it can offer presence to subatomic particles as electrons and protons. An electron is comprised of one up-quark and two down-quarks (u, d, d) and a proton is comprised of two up-quarks and one down-quark (u, u, d). Water or dampness on the earth ingests heat from the sun and the environmental factors. At the point when enough warmth has been consumed, a portion of the fluid atoms have enough vitality to escape from the fluid and start to ascend into the air as a fume. As the fume rises higher, the temperature of the encompassing air becomes lower. In the long run, the fume loses enough warmth to the encompassing air to permit it to turn around into a fluid. Earth's gravitational force at that point makes the fluid fall withdraw to the earth, in this way finishing the cycle. It ought to be noticed that if the temperatures in the encompassing air are sufficiently low, the fume can gather and afterward freeze into day off hail. By and by, gravity will guarantee the solidified structures and they will come back to the earth. Like goliath capacitors in the sky, these mists get energized. The upper segment of the cloud is certain

Friday, August 21, 2020

Blog Archive Harvard Business School Interview Invites Are Out! Here Are Some Helpful Resources

Blog Archive Harvard Business School Interview Invites Are Out! Here Are Some Helpful Resources Harvard Business School (HBS) will send out Round 2 interview invitations today, February 4, at noon eastern standard time. HBS will send only one batch of interview invites, along with notifications of release.” HBS’s managing director of MBA admissions and financial aid, Chad Losee, addressed the impending invitations in a January 15 blog post. If you are among the candidates who receive an interview invitation today, congratulations! You will be able to sign up for interview slots tomorrow, Wednesday, February 5, at 10:00 a.m. eastern standard time. Now is the time to get ready for this crucial step in your application process. Check out these important resources created by mbaMission specifically for HBS interview candidates: INTENSIVE SIMULATION Devi Vallabhaneni, a veteran admissions interviewer with years of experience interviewing hundreds of HBS candidates and mbaMission’s HBS Interviewer in Residence, is offering sessions online via webcam to help applicants prepare for the real thing. The live interview simulation includes the following components: Two or more 30-minute interview experiences customized to your application.  Before your first session, Devi will spend several hours reviewing your written application, following the same process she used when conducting candidate interviews for HBS. This allows her to target her questions based on what she discovers about you from your application. Personalized feedback.  After each interview session, Devi will provide you with targeted feedback, talking you through her impressions and offering strategic advice for improving your HBS interview skills. A reflection period.  You will have time between your interview sessions with Devi to internalize the feedback and adjust accordingly before trying again. For more information and to secure your spot, please visit our  HBS Intensive Interview Simulation page. MOCK INTERVIEW AND POST-INTERVIEW REFLECTION SUPPORT Another resource to help you prepare is our  HBS Mock Interview and Post-Interview Reflection Support  service. Through it, you work with an experienced mbaMission Senior Consultant who will have read your entire HBS application and prepared customized questions based on your candidacy. Via QA, feedback, and thorough response planning, we will help you improve the content of your answers, your time management skills, and your overall presentation. HBS asks all interviewed applicants to write a post-interview essay and submit it within 24 hours of their interview. This essay has no word limit, and HBS suggests that candidates think of it as an email they would write to a friend or colleague, rather than as a formal essay. As part of our targeted HBS interview package, an mbaMission Senior Consultant will help you strategize your approach to this special essay. Your consultant will also review a draft of the essay and provide feedback intended to assist you in making it stronger and more effective. Please note that because the HBS Admissions Office explicitly states that applicants are not to write anything in advance or receive outside help with this essay, your mbaMission Senior Consultant will not edit your writing but will instead offer detailed strategic direction via comments only. To purchase your HBS mock interview preparation session,  click here! HBS INTERVIEW GUIDE Download your complimentary copy of mbaMission’s  Harvard Business School Interview Guide  today. In creating our interview guides, we have drawn on countless communications with MBA students, alumni, admissions officers, and applicants, in addition to our vast library of interview reports submitted by current and past clients. Our HBS Interview Guide provides the following information: Insight into what the school is evaluating and hoping to gain from the interview An explanation of the school’s approach to interviewing (e.g., self-scheduled or invite only, blind versus comprehensive) Past applicants’ firsthand accounts of their interview experiences and multiple sample interview question sequences Tips on preparing for and responding to questions that most often vex applicants Help in formulating compelling questions of your own Good luck to all Round 2 applicants! If you believe you can benefit from one of our interview planning servicesâ€"or would simply like more information on the processâ€"feel free to contact us  anytime! Share ThisTweet Application Tips Business School Events Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Interviews Managing the MBA Interview News Blog Archive Harvard Business School Interview Invites Are Out! Here Are Some Helpful Resources Harvard Business School Harvard Business School (HBS) will send out its first batch of Round 1 interview invitations today at noon eastern time. Recently, HBS’s admissions director, Chad Losee, addressed the impending invitations in a blog post: “As you likely know, the next step is an invitation to interview. This is our chance to get to know you in person. We interview roughly 2x the number of people we can eventually admit, and those interview invitations come out in two waves: October 1 and October 4 at noon eastern time.” On October 4, HBS will release its final batch of interview invitations, along with notifications of “release” for those who are not invited to interview. If you are among the candidates who receive an interview invitation this week, congratulations! Now is the time to get ready for this crucial step in your application process. Check out these important resources created by mbaMission specifically for Harvard Business School interview candidates. INTENSIVE SIMULATION Devi Vallabhaneni, a veteran admissions interviewer with years of experience interviewing hundreds of HBS candidates, is mbaMission’s new HBS Interviewer in Residence and will offer intensive interview simulations in New York City and online via webcam to help HBS applicants prepare for the real thing. The live interview simulation includes the following components: Two 30-minute mock interviews: Devi will spend several hours reviewing your written application, following the same process she used when conducting candidate interviews for HBS. Then, she will interview you, enabling you to experience the free-flowing, dynamic, and personalized nature of an HBS interview. Personalized feedback: After each interview, Devi will provide you with targeted feedback and coaching, talking you through her impressions and offering strategic advice for improving your HBS interview skills. Reflection period: Between interviews, you will have time to internalize Devi’s feedback and prepare accordingly before trying again in a second, customized interview. For more information and to secure your spot, please visit our HBS Intensive Interview Simulation page. MOCK INTERVIEW AND POST-INTERVIEW REFLECTION SUPPORT Another option to help you prepare is our HBS Mock Interview and Post-Interview Reflection Support sessions. Through this service, you will work with an experienced mbaMission Senior Consultant who will have read your entire HBS application and prepared customized questions based on your candidacy. Through QA, feedback, and thorough response planning, we will help you improve the content of your answers, your time management skills, and your overall presentation. HBS asks all interviewed applicants to write a post-interview essay and submit it within 24 hours of their interview. This essay has no word limit, and HBS suggests that candidates think of it as an email they would write to a friend or colleague, rather than as a formal essay. As part of our targeted HBS interview package, an mbaMission Senior Consultant will help you strategize your approach to this special essay. Your consultant will also review a draft of the essay and provide feedback intended to assist you in making it stronger and more effective. Please note that because the HBS Admissions Office explicitly states that applicants are not to write anything in advance or receive outside help with this essay, your mbaMission Senior Consultant will not edit your writing but will instead offer detailed strategic direction via comments only. To purchase your HBS mock interview preparation session, click here! HBS INTERVIEW GUIDE Download your complimentary copy of mbaMission’s Harvard Business School Interview Primer today. In creating our primers, we have drawn on countless communications with MBA students, alumni, admissions officers, and applicants, in addition to our vast library of interview reports submitted by current and past clients. Our HBS Interview Primer provides the following information: Insight into what the school is evaluating and hoping to gain from the interview An explanation of the school’s approach to interviewing (self-scheduled or invite only, blind versus comprehensive, etc.) Past applicants’ firsthand accounts of their interview experiences and multiple sample interview question sequences Tips on preparing for and responding to questions that most typically vex applicants Help in formulating compelling questions of your own Good luck to all Round 1 applicants! If you believe you can benefit from one of our interview planning servicesâ€"or simply would like some more information on the processâ€"feel free to contact us anytime! Share ThisTweet Business School Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Interviews Managing the MBA Interview Blog Archive Harvard Business School Interview Invites Are Out! Here Are Some Helpful Resources Harvard Business School (HBS) will send out Round 1 interview invitations today, October 1, at noon eastern standard time. Notably, HBS will send only one batch of interview invites, along with notifications of “further consideration”â€"for candidates to be considered in Round 2â€"and “early release.” HBS’s managing director of MBA admissions and financial aid, Chad Losee, addressed the impending invitations in a September 25 blog post: In the past, we sent out interviews in waves in order to better manage the interview sign-up process. We know that was hard to wait through multiple days. So we are doing it altogether this year, and we believe that we have a good process in place to manage the interview sign-ups all at once. But, may I ask for your patience if we need to work through any unanticipated challenges? Thank you! If you are among the candidates who receive an interview invitation today, congratulations! You will be able to sign up for interview slots tomorrow, Wednesday, October 2, at 10:00 a.m. eastern standard time. Now is the time to get ready for this crucial step in your application process. Check out these important resources created by mbaMission specifically for HBS interview candidates: FREE “DECODING THE HBS INTERVIEW” WORKSHOP   Predicting exactly what questions you will be asked in your HBS interview is impossible, given the dynamic nature of the meeting and the school’s individualized approach, but this does not mean you cannot prepare to navigate the interaction effectively and increase your chances of leaving your desired impression. We hope you will join us for our new “Decoding the HBS Interview” workshop at 8:00 pm ET on Wednesday, October 2, 2019, hosted by   mbaMission HBS Interviewer in Residence Devi Vallabhaneni (HBS Class of 1997, former HBS admissions board candidate interviewer). In this 60-minute workshop, you will learn What makes the HBS interview so different from all other business school interviews The philosophy behind HBS’s approach How to prepare for the interview Coming out of the session, you will have a much better sense of what to expect in your HBS interview and steps you can take to ready yourself for it so you can approach your interview with competence and confidence. Space is limitedâ€"enroll for free today!   INTENSIVE SIMULATION Devi Vallabhaneni, a veteran admissions interviewer with years of experience interviewing hundreds of HBS candidates and mbaMission’s HBS Interviewer in Residence, is offering   online via webcam to help applicants prepare for the real thing. The live interview simulation includes the following components: Two or more 30-minute interview experiences customized to your application. Before your first session, Devi will spend several hours reviewing your written application, following the same process she used when conducting candidate interviews for HBS. This allows her to target her questions based on what she discovers about you from your application. Personalized feedback. After each interview session, Devi will provide you with targeted feedback, talking you through her impressions and offering strategic advice for improving your HBS interview skills. A reflection period. You will have time between your interview sessions with Devi to internalize the feedback and adjust accordingly before trying again. For more information and to secure your spot, please visit our HBS Intensive Interview Simulation page. MOCK INTERVIEW AND POST-INTERVIEW REFLECTION SUPPORT Another resource to help you prepare is our HBS Mock Interview and Post-Interview Reflection Support service. Through it, you work with an experienced mbaMission Senior Consultant who will have read your entire HBS application and prepared customized questions based on your candidacy. Via QA, feedback, and thorough response planning, we will help you improve the content of your answers, your time management skills, and your overall presentation. HBS asks all interviewed applicants to write a post-interview essay and submit it within 24 hours of their interview. This essay has no word limit, and HBS suggests that candidates think of it as an email they would write to a friend or colleague, rather than as a formal essay. As part of our targeted HBS interview package, an mbaMission Senior Consultant will help you strategize your approach to this special essay. Your consultant will also review a draft of the essay and provide feedback intended to assist you in making it stronger and more effective. Please note that because the HBS Admissions Office explicitly states that applicants are not to write anything in advance or receive outside help with this essay, your mbaMission Senior Consultant will not edit your writing but will instead offer detailed strategic direction via comments only. To purchase your HBS mock interview preparation session, click here! HBS INTERVIEW GUIDE Download your complimentary copy of mbaMission’s Harvard Business School Interview Primer today. In creating our primers, we have drawn on countless communications with MBA students, alumni, admissions officers, and applicants, in addition to our vast library of interview reports submitted by current and past clients. Our HBS Interview Primer provides the following information: Insight into what the school is evaluating and hoping to gain from the interview An explanation of the school’s approach to interviewing (self-scheduled or invite only, blind versus comprehensive, etc.) Past applicants’ firsthand accounts of their interview experiences and multiple sample interview question sequences Tips on preparing for and responding to questions that most typically vex applicants Help in formulating compelling questions of your own Good luck to all Round 1 applicants! If you believe you can benefit from one of our interview planning servicesâ€"or simply would like some more information on the processâ€"feel free to contact us anytime! Share ThisTweet Application Tips Business School Events Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Interviews mbaMission Events Blog Archive Harvard Business School Interview Invites Are Out! Here Are Some Helpful Resources Harvard Business School (HBS) will send out its first batch of Round 2 interview invitations today at noon eastern time. Recently, HBS’s admissions director, Chad Losee, addressed the impending invitations in a January 16  blog post: “As I think you know, interviews happen with a member of the Admissions Board who has read your application and comes prepared for a friendly and deep conversation about your background. Remember that we are rooting for you! After holistically reading each application, we invite about 1 in 5 applicants to interview with us. Typically, just over half of those interviewed are admitted.” On January 31,  HBS will release its final batch of interview invitations, along with notifications of “release” for those who are not invited to interview. If you are among the candidates who receive an interview invitation this week, congratulations! Now is the time to get ready for this crucial step in your application process. Check out these important resources created by mbaMission specifically for HBS interview candidates. INTENSIVE SIMULATION Devi Vallabhaneni, a veteran admissions interviewer with years of experience interviewing hundreds of HBS candidates and mbaMission’s HBS Interviewer in Residence, will offer intensive interview simulations online via webcam to help HBS applicants prepare for the real thing. The live interview simulation includes the following components: Two or three 30-minute interview experiences customized to your application. Before your first session, Devi will spend several hours reviewing your written application, following the same process she used when conducting candidate interviews for HBS. This allows her to target her questions based on what she discovers about you from your application. Personalized feedback. After each interview session, Devi will provide you with targeted feedback, talking you through her impressions and offering strategic advice for improving your HBS interview skills. Reflection period. You will have time between your interview sessions with Devi so that you can internalize the feedback and adjust accordingly before trying again. For more information and to secure your spot, please visit our HBS Intensive Interview Simulation page. MOCK INTERVIEW AND POST-INTERVIEW REFLECTION SUPPORT Another option to help you prepare is our HBS Mock Interview and Post-Interview Reflection Support service. Through it, you work with an experienced mbaMission Senior Consultant who will have read your entire HBS application and prepared customized questions based on your candidacy. Via QA, feedback, and thorough response planning, we will help you improve the content of your answers, your time management skills, and your overall presentation. HBS asks all interviewed applicants to write a post-interview essay and submit it within 24 hours of their interview. This essay has no word limit, and HBS suggests that candidates think of it as an email they would write to a friend or colleague, rather than as a formal essay. As part of our targeted HBS interview package, an mbaMission Senior Consultant will help you strategize your approach to this special essay. Your consultant will also review a draft of the essay and provide feedback intended to assist you in making it stronger and more effective. Please note that because the HBS Admissions Office explicitly states that applicants are not to write anything in advance or receive outside help with this essay, your mbaMission Senior Consultant will not edit your writing but will instead offer detailed strategic direction via comments only. To purchase your HBS mock interview preparation session, click here! HBS INTERVIEW GUIDE Download your complimentary copy of mbaMission’s Harvard Business School Interview Primer today. In creating our primers, we have drawn on countless communications with MBA students, alumni, admissions officers, and applicants, in addition to our vast library of interview reports submitted by current and past clients. Our HBS Interview Primer provides the following information: Insight into what the school is evaluating and hoping to gain from the interview An explanation of the school’s approach to interviewing (self-scheduled or invite only, blind versus comprehensive, etc.) Past applicants’ firsthand accounts of their interview experiences and multiple sample interview question sequences Tips on preparing for and responding to questions that most typically vex applicants Help in formulating compelling questions of your own Good luck to all Round 2 applicants! If you believe you can benefit from one of our interview planning servicesâ€"or simply would like some more information on the processâ€"feel free to contact us anytime! Share ThisTweet Application Tips Business School Harvard University (Harvard Business School) Interviews Managing the MBA Interview

Monday, May 25, 2020

Theme Of Monsters In Beowulf - 758 Words

Monsters. They’re everywhere, from Sulley in Monsters Inc., to the iconic role of Dracula, to being key figures in literature and film.These creatures are recurring characters due to the reactions they invoke from the audience and other characters of the work. Despite (or due to) their gruesome nature and physical appearance, monsters are able to tap into the spiritual, social, and psychological aspect of people to capture their fascination. The placement of monsters in many stories and films fulfills two main purposes. The first purpose is to serve as the ultimate test of strength and bravery, allowing protagonists to prove their heroic worth and highlight others’ inability to properly defend themselves. In Beowulf, there are three†¦show more content†¦To humans, monsters are captivating due to their place, or lack of a place, in the human world. These creatures don’t belong in human society, as they are noticeably different from other creatures and humans with their deformed features and malevolent nature. There’s often curiosity surrounding the unknown, which also explains the fascination with monsters. Monster is a loose term for the many different kinds of creatures that have the same characteristics of being large, ugly, and frightening. However, they vary in their destruction and difficulty, as some could be small-time offenders who rarely encroach on human territory. In Beowulf, Grendel and his mother prove to be quite a challenge to the Danes and the Geats compared to the dragon. This can be attributed to their mysterious origins and nature, as well as the nature of warriors at the time. Grendel and his mother have been isolated from human society for years before coming out to wreak havoc on the Danes. With little to no information on them, it’s difficult to fight them, especially with their supernatural strength and magic. Traditional methods don’t seem to work on these demons, as â€Å"the sharpest and hardest iron could not scratch at [Grendel]† (lines 801-802). Instead, Beowulf had to fight Grendel himself using his bare hands. Similarly, Beowulf was left to fight Grendel’s mother without any of his weapons, wrestling with her before fatallyShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Fight In Beowulf798 Words   |  4 PagesRomane Cadot ELA 12 Theme of Beowulf Theme of fight: First of all I will to give you a definition of fight: Fight means limited engagement in space and time of enemy land, air or naval formations. Learn more about. In the book Beowulf we witness 3 fights, this theme is therefore the articulation of the book. Indeed, these fights that Beowulf delivers, the hero of history, intrigues the reader. Thats why I chose this theme. During the fighting the reader can feel suspense, will the heroRead MoreGood vs. Evil Found in Beowulf807 Words   |  3 PagesGood vs. Evil Found in Beowulf In the story of Beowulf, there are many different themes found. Many people argue the main theme found in this story. This has been argued for a very long time and will go on for many more years to come. Although many themes in this story stick out and a main theme will never be accepted, one main theme is very noticeable in the story of Beowulf. The main theme found in Beowulf is good versus evil. Good versus evil is very easy to recognize. â€Å"Some peopleRead MoreTheme Of Heroism In Beowulf1139 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Beowulf† is the oldest surviving poem in Old English Literature. It is an epic poem, which is a narrative poem typically revolving around heroism. The poem emphasizes repetitively on how Beowulf is a hero. 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Sure paganism and christianity are in it as well as good vs evil but they are not as i would say the backbone of Beowulf. to prove my opinion I shall gather quotes from the epic novel wouldRead MoreBeowulf Movie Critic Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesBeowulf Movie Critic Do you envision a strong female role or a male role as your hero? In my opinion the Beowulf movie was a thumbs up, due to Angelina Jolie’s use of seduction and female wiles. Angelina is a critical character who drives the plot. In the movie, her character of Grendel’s mother overshadows Beowulf‘s character as a hero. This is in drastic contrast to the original poem ‘Beowulf’ because in the original, women were not valued and they had no important role. Grendel’s mother differsRead MoreBeowulf As An English Poem1321 Words   |  6 Pages1000, was Beowulf. The copy of Beowulf was actually dated to the years around 1000, in the time that was rich in Anglo-Saxon literature (pg. 107). During the ninth century, Beowulf was translated by Seamus Heaney, which is the one that it is mostly known now. Although Beowulf is seen as an English poem, its subject matter is not about English people. Its purpose was to express the idea of honor, good, and the be lief in God. Furthermore, its principles were about defeating the monsters with the powerRead More Essay Comparing Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki976 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki      Ã‚   There are so many similarities between the hero of the poem Beowulf and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki, an Iceland saga representing 1000 years of oral traditions prior to the 1300’s when it was written, that these similarities cannot be attributed solely to coincidence.    The Cambridge History of English and American Literature states that the hero of the poem, Beowulf himself, may be the same person as Bodvar Biarki, the chief of HrolfrRead MoreEssay on Beowulf study guide1576 Words   |  7 Pages1) Describe how we find King Hrothgar and his response to learning that Beowulf has come to his kingdom. A. The king is sad and depressed that his kingdom has fallen into such a state of disrepair. He is overjoyed to learn that Beowulf, whom he knows from stories and his father, Ecgtheow, has come to fight Grendel. Hrothgar promises Beowulf treasure if he can defeat the monster. 2) In the beginning of â€Å"Beowulf,† King Hrothgar’s hall has been deserted for twelve years. In a short essay, tell whyRead MoreBeowulf As A Modern Hero Essay794 Words   |  4 Pagesremembered whereas today, things have shimmered down. Beowulf’s effectiveness as a modern-day hero has taught us something that will stick forever, loyalty, courage, and bravery. Beowulf has many characteristics that portray what is found in the Christian religion. What makes his personality so static is not only the want that Beowulf has for fame, but also the actions and responsibilities that he takes on along with that task. Doing this or the reputation that he also has the need to desire, he has a deeperRead MoreTheme Of Good And Evil In Beowulf882 Words   |  4 PagesIn the epic poem, Beowulf, perhaps the most important theme seen throughout is the portrayal of good and evil, and how this portrayal impacts the story. The epic poem is about an epic hero, Beowulf, who is completely thought of as a good character and a strong warrior. The unknown author of this poem makes Beowulf out to be, ultimately, a glorified killer of the perceived monsters. However, the poem in and of itself is an opinionated story which gives the bare amount of opposition to show that perhaps

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Who Were the Argonauts

The Argonauts, in Greek mythology,  are the fifty  heroes, led by Jason,  who  sailed on a ship called the Argo  on a quest to bring back the Golden Fleece around 1300 BC, before the Trojan War.  Ã‚  The Argonauts got their name by combining the name of the ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus,  with the ancient Greek word, naut, meaning voyager.   The story of Jason and the Argonauts is one of the best-known tales of Greek mythology. Apollonius of Rhodes In the 3rd century B.C., at the multicultural center of learning at Alexandria, in Egypt, Apollonius of Rhodes, a well-known Greek author,  wrote a famous epic poem about the  Argonauts. Apollonius named his poem  The Argonautica. It begins: (ll. 1-4) Beginning with thee, O Phoebus, I will recount the famous deeds of men of old, who, at the behest of King Pelias, down through the mouth of Pontus and between the Cyanean rocks, sped well-benched Argo in quest of the golden fleece. According to the myth, King Pelias in Thessaly, who usurped the throne from his half-brother King Aeson, sent Jason, son of King Aeson and the rightful heir to the throne, on a dangerous quest to bring back the Golden Fleece,  which was held by Aeetes, king of Colchis, in an area located at the eastern end of the  Black Sea  (known in Greek as the Euxine Sea).  Pelias promised to give up the throne to Jason if he returned with the Golden Fleece, but didnt intend for Jason to return, since the journey was perilous and the Golden Fleece was very well-guarded.   Jason gathered together the noblest heroes and demigods of the time, packed them on board a special boat called the Argo, and the aptly-named Argonauts set sail. They engaged in many adventures on their way to Colchis, including storms; an adversarial king, Amycus, who challenged every passing traveler to a boxing match; Sirens, monstrous  sea-nymphs who lured sailors to death with their song; and  Symplegades, rocks that could crush the boat as it passed through them. Several of the men were tested in different ways, prevailed, and enhanced their heroic status during the journey.   Some of the creatures they encountered appear in other stories of the Greek heroes, making the story of the Argonauts a central myth. Apollonius of Rhodes  gives us our most complete version of the Argonauts, but the Argonauts are mentioned throughout ancient classical literature. The list of the heroes varies somewhat depending on the author.   The list of Argonauts by Apollonius of Rhodes  includes such luminaries as Hercules (Heracles), Hylas, the Dioscuri (Castor and Pollux), Orpheus, and Laocoon.   Gaius Valerius Flaccus Gaius Valerius Flaccus was a first century Roman poet who wrote an Argonautica in Latin. Had he lived to complete his twelve-book poem, it would have been the longest poem about Jason and the Argonauts. He drew on Apollonius epic poem and many other ancient sources for his own poem, of which he completed barely half before he died. Flaccus list includes some names that arent on Apollonius list and excludes others. Apollodorus Apollodorus wrote a different list, which includes the heroine Atalanta, whom Jason denied in Apollonius version, but who is included by Diodorus Siculus, the first century Greek historian who wrote the monumental  universal history, Bibliotheca historica. Apollodorus  list also includes  Theseus, who was previously engaged in Apollonius version. Pindar According to  Timeless Myths,   the earliest version of the list of Argonauts comes from Pindar Pythian Ode IV. Pindar was a poet of the 5th-6th century BCE. His list of Argonauts consists of:  Jason,  Heracles, Castor, Polydeuces, Euphemus, Periclymenus,  Orpheus, Erytus, Echion, Calais, Zetes, Mopsus. Verification of Myth Recent discoveries by geologists from Georgia suggest that the myth of Jason and Argonauts was based on an actual event. The geologists researched geological data, archaeological artifacts, myths, and historical sources surrounding the ancient Georgian kingdom of Colchis and found that the myth of Jason and the Argonauts was based on an actual voyage that took place 3,300 to 3,500 years ago to obtain the secrets of the ancient gold extraction technique used in Colchis using sheepskin. It seems that Colchis  was rich with gold which the natives mined with special wooden vessels and sheepskins. A sheepskin embedded with golden gravel and dust would be the logical source of the mythical Golden Fleece.  Ã‚   Resources and Further Reading Jason and the Argonauts Through the Ages, Jason Colavito,  http://www.argonauts-book.com/ List of the Argos Crew, Timeless Myths,  https://www.timelessmyths.com/classical/argocrew.html Evidence Suggests Jason and the Golden Fleece Was Based on True Events,  http://www.sciencealert.com/new-evidence-suggests-jason-and-the-golden-fleece-was-based-on-true-eventshttp://www.sciencealert.com/new-evidence-suggests-jason-and-the-golden-fleece-was-based-on-true-events

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Strategic Marketing Plan for a Water Bottling Company

[pic] Strategic Marketing Plan for Water Mart Systems (Pvt.) Ltd [pic] Index Page |1.0 INTRODUCTION |3 | | 1.1 - Definitions for marketing |3 | | 1.2 – The role and the importance of marketing in strategic planning |3 | | 1.3 - Introduction to the company – Water Mart Systems (Pvt.) Ltd |5 | |†¦show more content†¦CONCLUTION |20 | | | | |7. REFERENCES |21 | 1. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Dispute Resolution Planning for the Oil and Gas Industry

Question: Despite recent developments in the field of Litigation, parties embroiled in an oil and gas dispute still prefer to choose International Commercial Arbitration as a preferred method of resolving their disputes. Answer: When it comes to the oil and gas industry the operations may be classified as intricate, unsafe and costly operations and they generally keep going on for quite an extended period of time. Given the nature of the work undertaken by this industry, special contracts are utilized in overseeing connections among different parties occupied with these operations. Inferable from the intricacy of operations and relations between different elements, the oil and gas industry is inclined to different sorts of disputes (Bowman, 2001). Disputes might emerge in territories, for example, worldwide maritime boundary claims; equipment-related claims; claims over jurisdiction; master determination; claims identifying with amount and nature of merchandise; insurance issues and sometimes hedging (Connerty, 2002). Thus, to ensure that none of the above reasons or more hampers the progress of oil and gas operations it is essentially important to remember that proper methods for determining such disputes a re concurred by the involved parties. It may be stated that the parties involved in oil and gas industry decide to go for agreed dispute determination (ADR) instead of alluding those disputes to national courts. ADR in some jurisdiction is known as alternate dispute resolution. ADR generally alludes to all methods for dispute settlement other than litigation which incorporates mediation, arbitration, expert determination, negotiation arrangements as well as conciliations This article is separated into three principle segments. In the principal segment the researcher talks about the two important types of arbitration. In the second segment, the components and contrasts of the significant international arbitral foundations are highlighted. The basis of the paper is the third segment which centers the discourses on the variables which make international arbitration more desirable over litigation, especially in the context of oil and gas industry disputes. The exposition infers that, the international arbitration is preferred to litigation in the oil and gas industry due its nonpartisanship, economy, simplicity in terms of implementation and time. Arbitration is likewise supported in light of the fact that it is viewed as non adversarial and it maintains all forms of confidentiality. Additionally it provides the parties the much necessary aspect of self autonomy when it comes to the determination of their dispute. Arbitration is a type of ADR which permits differences between two parties to be determined outside of the traditional court framework. In an arbitration case the parties to a dispute will allude it to one or more persons -more commonly known as the "judges" or an 'arbitral tribunal'. it is by the choice of these judges or arbitral tribunals that that parties in question involved in the dispute consent to be bound. International business arbitration can either be institutional or ad-hoc arbitration. While under the institutional arbitration process, the parties forming the dispute consent to present a dispute for the process of determination by a specific arbitral organization, the ad-hoc arbitration procedure is not administered by an establishment (Shuman-Powell, Esq., 2010). There are several advantages of institutional arbitration. First, it incorporates the accessibility of pre-built up standards and procedures which guarantee the arbitration procedures start in an opportune way. Further advantages incorporates administrative help from the foundation, which as a rule gives a secretariat or court of arbitration; a rundown of qualified mediators to browse; help with urging hesitant parties to continue with arbitration; and a set up arrangement with a demonstrated record (Martin and Anshan, 2001). Regardless of its advantages, institutional arbitration has a few negetive sides which incorporate administrative charges for governance and utilization of the offices, which can be significant if there is a substantial sum in dispute which often becomes more than the real sum in dispute. In these conditions, the organization from inside of the foundation, can lead to defers and additional expenses. Moreover the required time for the process is often considered to be unrealistic (Al-Barashdi, 2015). In ad hoc arbitration, parties to the disputes choose authorities and standards outside the built up arbitrations. One of the advantages of ad hoc arbitration is the fact that it is very cost effective (Blanke, 2008). In ad hoc arbitration there are no charges payable to arbitral establishment and charges payable to mediators are arranged specifically between the parties and judges. Likewise, ad hoc arbitration is thought to be adaptable as it permits parties to decide a few angles, for example, decision or surrounding of tenets, decision of venue and referees. Practically speaking, ad hoc arbitration is proper for settlement of disputes identifying with small claims or poor parties (Stanley, 2012). The major disadvantages of the Ad hoc form of arbitration is the it has a tendency to depend on the parties willingness to agree upon the arbitration procedures foregoing the fact that they are already in a dispute. Moreover, if the parties previously have had disagreed to the terms of arbitration before the onset of the dispute, it remains very unlikely that they would agree to the same after the onset of the dispute. Thus in such cases, the dispute resolution gets halted and the parties have no other option left but to go for litigation processes (Stanley, 2012). International arbitration is considered to be a popular method of dispute resolution especially in the oil and gas industry. Here onwards the researcher would describe the different reasons that make this procedure a more preferable method as compared to litigation. Oil and gas contracts as often as possible include parties from various national jurisdictions. In practice, it is often noticed that the contracting parties remain unwilling to be subject to the national jurisdiction of another country or party which is likely to happen if the parties were to present a dispute to the courts of the host country (Ewing, 2014). With a specific end goal to stay away from a 'nation of origin point of interest' of the other party, it is normal for parties to choose arbitration as a means of dispute resolution for the lack of bias of the forum18. Under arbitration, parties concur in the agreement or after the dispute has emerged for nonpartisan arbitrators (McArthur, 2014), unbiased arbitral institution (Bergsten and KroÃÅ'ˆll, 2011), impartial tenets and nonpartisan seat of arbitration (Lew et al., 2003). So as to guarantee the lack of bias of arbitrators, the ICC Rules requires that "in affirming or naming authorities, the Court might consider the planned mediator's nationality, home and different associations with the nations of which the parties or alternate judges are nationals." (Moses, 2008). This necessity is started on the regular law rule of nemo debet esse judex in propria causa, that is, nobody can be a judge in his own particular case (Schwarzenberger, 2012). The fundamental objective is to guarantee that the chosen arbitrators are fair-minded and autonomous in their choice. The International Bar Association (IBA) Rules of Ethics for International Arbitrators obliges judges to be free from bias (Kurkela and Snellman, 2005). These Rules go further to give components of predisposition in particular favoritism and dependence (Kyungbae, 2008). Impartiality or absence of autonomy with respect to a mediator is a ground for testing the arbitrator on the basis of public policies ( Kumar, 2014). Like all other ADR processes, Arbitration provides the involved parties with a level of autonomy. When it comes to the principle, the autonomy related to parties is considered to be the fundamental principle. International commercial Arbitration values their fundamental principle related to the party autonomy. However, in both international and national laws regarding arbitration has included the principle of party attorney in it. As per Article 19 of UNICITRAL Model law, subject to the provision of this Law, the Parties are free to agree on the procedure to be followed by arbitral tribunal in conducting the proceedings (UNCITRAL, 2007). The arbitration act of United Kingdom has recognized the issue of the freedom of parties regarding the solution through which they can easily solved their dispute. Parties have the right to choose their own arbitrators. But these rights to the parties are limited only in ad hoc arbitration and in institutional arbitration. Not only that, but the part ies are also free to choose the seat of their arbitrators and also the law of arbitration which will govern the proceedings. The governing law of arbitration is also known as lex causae (Landolt, 2006). There are cases in institutional arbitration, where the parties also failed to choose not only their arbitrator but also the seat of arbitration. However, in such instances, the arbitral institution is liable to choose the arbitrator and the seat of arbitration on behalf of their parties. The important part of this act is that the arbitrators who are being chosen are the expertise from the oil and gas industry. On the other hand, it is also not necessary that the magistrates and the judge need to be expert in the industry. Various laws are provided under national law. One of them is important where the law states that the judge will be appointed by the state and the rules which will be applicable are also be promulgated by the state. Moreover, the venue will be decided by the jurisdi ction (Weiler, 2005). Thus, where the argument arises regarding any proceedings in court litigation is considered to be formal in nature and it is also adhere to the chosen procedure of the law. However, the parties do not have any control over the litigation procedure. The case can only be controlled by some of the specific individual namely: judge, representative of the parties in oil and gas disputes. Various factors are prevailed for which the preference of arbitration is much more compare to litigation. This is because litigation is more expensive that the arbitration. Apart from the cost effectiveness, litigation also has another important disadvantage that it is very time consuming. Fees payable to the appointed advocates or may be appointed barriers are the reason of increasing the cost in case of litigation. The court process gets lengthy as there prevail various appeal proceeding. However, there is also some controversy regarding this topic. Some of the people believe and also stated that arbitration is not at all cost effective in nature compare to litigation in cases of international arbitration. Parties who are related to the gas or oil dispute always consider the time that is being taken for their legal proceedings (McArthur, 2014). This is because within the consumed time the dispute will get resolved. The time of consumption of an arbitral proceeding is less because t he discovery level is low. Moreover, all the awards are non-appealable in nature but there are also some exceptional cases for it. It is also stated by many researcher that arbitration is more advantages compare to litigation. One of the main features of ADR processes is that the proceeding related to ADR processes are kept confidential. Parties who are under the arbitration agreement always agree to keep the documents related to the proceeding including the evidences and also the orders as confidential (Mourre, 2008). Thus, this act as an advantage on the part of the arbitration compare to litigation. In case of Litigation, the documents, evidences and every other thing related to the proceeding are open to public save in most of the cases. The power is being given upon the third party regarding the privacy of the arbitration process and they has ability to access the proceedings and also the ability to disclose the facts of the arbitration proceeding (Alqurashi, 2005). However, they are not liable to take the consent of the parties before disclosing the facts to the public. The controversy arises regarding the confidentiality of the arbitration proceeding from various factors which are being already disc ussed above. But it is also true that the arbitration proceedings are not confidential because information resulted from the proceedings may become public in future. Thus from the above discussion it may be inferred that there are several different reasons because of which individuals who are party to oil and gas contracts would prefer arbitration as a means to dispute resolution as compared to opting for litigation. in a nutshell, it may be stated that arbitration helps by choosing a neutral venue for the dispute resolution process and the arbitrators are also individuals who have no connection with the host country or the disputed country. In short, neutrality is strictly maintained even in the case of the arbitrators (Martin and Anshan, 2001). Most importantly, arbitration is considered to be a non-adversarial method that helps in dispute resolution and is premised upon the need for the two parties to come to a situation that takes into account both their benefits. This helps the parties involved to maintain a good relationship with one another even after the dispute resolution process has ended. This is considered to be the most crucial issue since it ensures that the continuity in oil and gas operations is successfully maintained. References Al-Barashdi, S. (2015). The efficiency of alternative dispute resolutions in the Oil and Gas Industry. International Journal of Administrative and Business Studies, 1(2), pp.41-44. Alqurashi, Z. (2005). International oil and gas arbitration. [Place of publication not identified]: Alexander's Gas Oil Connections. Bergsten, E. and KroÃÅ'ˆll, S. (2011). International arbitration and international commercial law. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International. Blanke, G. (2008). Institutional versus Ad Hoc Arbitration: A European Perspective. ERA Forum, 9(2), pp.275-282. Bowman, J. (2001). Dispute Resolution Planning for the Oil and Gas Industry. ICSID Review, 16(2), pp.332-407. Connerty, A. (2002). Dispute Resolution in the Oil and Gas Industries. Journal of Energy Natural Resources Law, 20(2), pp.144-171. Ewing, S. (2014). Best of the oil gas law colloquium. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Pennsylvania Bar Institute. Kumar, L. (2014). The Independence and Impartiality of Arbitrators in International Commercial Arbitration. SSRN Electronic Journal. Kurkela, M. and Snellman, H. (2005). Due process in international commercial arbitration. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, Inc. Kyungbae, K. (2008). A Study on the Impartiality and Independence of Arbitrators. journalofarbitrationstudies, 18(1), pp.31-47. Landolt, P. (2006). Modernised EC competition law in international arbitration. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Lew, J., Mistelis, L. and KroÃÅ'ˆll, S. (2003). Comparative international commercial arbitration. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Martin, J. and Anshan, M. (2001). Alternative dispute resolution for oil and gas practitioners. Chicago, IL: Section of Environment, Energy, and Resources. McArthur, J. (2014). Oil and gas implied covenants for the twenty-first century. New York: Juris. Moses, M. (2008). The principles and practice of international commercial arbitration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mourre, A. (2008). The Set-off Paradox in International Arbitration. Arbitration International, 24(3), pp.387-404. Newman, L. and Hill, R. (2008). The leading arbitrators' guide to international arbitration. Huntington, N.Y.: Juris Pub. Schwarzenberger, G. (2012). International law as applied by international courts and tribunals. 10th ed. London: Stevens. Shuman-Powell, Esq., R. (2010). Hamilton v. Burr: An Alternative Dispute Resolution Perspective. SSRN Electronic Journal. Stanley, C. (2012). Traps for the unwary: the pitfalls of ad hoc arbitration. Trusts Trustees, 18(4), pp.332-340. Weiler, T. (2005). International investment law and arbitration. London: Cameron May. Won-Suk Oh, and Yongil Kim, (2009). A Comparative Study on the Institutional Arbitration and Ad Hoc Arbitration. journalofarbitrationstudies, 19(1), pp.25-44. www.uncitral.org. (2007). UNITED NATIONS UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. [online] Available at: https://www.uncitral.org/pdf/english/texts/arbitration/ml-arb/07-86998_Ebook.pdf [Accessed 26 Mar. 2016].

Friday, April 10, 2020

Constitutional Republic Essays - Politics, Veto,

Constitutional Republic Between 1787 and 1791 the Framers of the US Constitution established a system of government upon principles that had been discussed and partially implemented in many countries over the course of several centuries, but never before in such a pure and complete design, which we call a constitutional republic. Since then, the design has often been imitated, but important principles have often been ignored in those imitations, with the result that their governments fall short of being true republics or truly constitutional. The Framers of the Constitution tried very hard to design a system that would not allow any one person or group within the government to gain too much power. Personally, I think they succeeded. In order to guard against what one of the Founding Fathers called an excess of democracy, the Constitution was built with many ways to limit the government's power. Among these methods were separating the three branches, splitting the legislature so laws are carefully considered , and requiring members of Congress to meet certain criteria to qualify for office. The Founders did leave a few problems along with their system. Separation of power was very effective. The three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial) are kept separate, and each has different powers. Congress has legislative, or law making, powers. Legislative powers are further divided between two legislative bodies. The President has the power to carry out, or execute, the laws. Lastly, the Judicial branch had the judging power, used to interpret the laws. Some powers were delegated to the central national government, while others are reserved to the component states or the people. In addition, each branch is able to restrain or balance the powers of the other two branches upon abuse of their power. If the President is suspected of unlawful acts, he can be impeached, or tried by the Senate for misusing his power. The Senate has the sole power to try all impeachments. If he is found guilty, he can be punished but his sentence can be no more than being thrown out of office and being forbidden to hold any government office. Furthermore, if the President wants to spend money, his request must pass through Congress, since it has control over spending. Lastly, Congress can re-pass a bill that was vetoed by the President. Congress also has checks and balances against itself. The President can veto a bill from Congress, and although Congress can override a veto, obtaining a two-thirds vote to do so is very difficult. Public speeches by the President may also concern the public with an issue, putting pressure on Congress to act upon it. The Judicial branch exerts control over the other two by deciding whether or not actions made by the President or Congress, i.e., laws are constitutional . The limitations on and difficulties of passing laws are very, very important. The split legislature creates a more complicated maze through which laws must find their way before being passed. First, a law must be introduced in either the House of Representatives or the Senate, the former having sole power to introduce laws concerning revenue. After the law is introduced, it must be approved by the other house, who may agree with, amend, or discard the law. Once both houses have agreed on the law, however, the President must approve it. If he does not, he may also amend it and return it to its originating house for reconsideration. If both houses then agree on the amended bill by a two third majority vote, it can be passed. The bill also becomes a law if the President does not return it to Congress within ten days (except Sundays) of his receiving of it. The labyrinth of Clerks, which is not even mentioned in the Constitution, makes law passing far more difficult, resulting in only th e passing of laws that have been extremely carefully considered. The reason that Congress is careful is because they are responsible for deciding matters that will have a great impact on the country. The President is able to make decisions quickly in order to react to urgent matters in a timely fashion, for example, not too long ago, Bill Clinton ordered an attack on Afghanistan, it

Monday, March 9, 2020

Animal rights essays

Animal rights essays Many humans use animals for testing each year. Animal testing is when the animals are put through something or injected to see how they react to what medical research they have been used for. There are three very important reasons why animals should not be used for testing harmful or dangerous materials. One of these is that testing and its use is trivial in the cosmetic industry. The second reason is that animals have rights and animals can feel pleasure and pain just as humans do. The third reason is that testing is cruel and unusual. Another reason is that animal testing and its use is trivial in the cosmetic industry. Testing on animals for the cosmetic industry is not necessary because they have many other ways to find out if it harms the human race. The testing that goes on is harmful to the animals and can cause serious side effects. The cosmetic companies hold down bunnies in vices and spray the cosmetics into their eyes to see if it causes them redness, stinging, or even blindness. They also have baboons strapped down with their heads in vices to do certain tests on them. Animals are also used by pharmaceutical companies to produce drugs and health supplements. They estimate that 17 to 22 million animals are used each year for medical research, and these estimates do not include rats, mice, fish, and farm animals. That means that 90% of all research animals are not included in the statistics. Too many animals are being tested and they do not even need to use the animals for these tests. They ca n use computer software materials and get the same results. One more point is that animals do have rights. The activists of the animal rights movements do not claim that animals are the moral equivalent of humans, just that their feelings deserve some consideration. Animals are just as alive as we are and they follow the course as we do, they find food, they produce offspring, they overcome challenges, theref ...

Saturday, February 22, 2020

Questions from School Law and the Public School Book Assignment

Questions from School Law and the Public School Book - Assignment Example A state that promotes liberty and free will knows when not to mix state affairs with religion. Separation of church and state is paramount in bringing up a society that respects freedom of religion, and which enables people to tolerate others’ religions. The state therefore must not side with one religion over another, or promote the creeds of one religion over another. Although all religions should be taught in schools, the government should not foster the spread of certain religions over others. Students should be given the freedom to choose which religion to belong to, without their schools indicating support of any religion. In the first situation, allowing the Local Church Association to donate a copy of the Ten Commands to be placed in the hallway would be a plus for students who profess that religion. However, it is discriminatory because it highlights the basic teachings of that religion over other religions. It indicates a preference of that religion, which would not be taken very kindly by students whom it does not represent. Placing the Ten Commands in the hallway of the school symbolizes an endorsement of that religion by the school administration. Additionally, the act may influence students to follow the commands and profess the beliefs of that religion. Therefore, the act violates Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. It fails the three prongs of the Lemon test in that it does not have a secular legislative purpose. Secondly, it has a primary effect of advancing that particular religion. Thirdly, it results in â€Å"excessive government entanglement† in that it displays direct contact with church authorities (Essex, 2011). In the second situation, applying the lemon test would render starting a Bible club in School a violation of the Establishment Clause. This stipulates that the school is not allowed to establish any religious group including a church. Since the religious group in the school would promote particular religious precepts, this implies that the wellbeing of other religions would be compromised. Furthermore, it is worth appreciating that the school program is already established. Arguably, fixing the religious club as one of the options that students have during the club’s period implies that the school administration considers it equally important and would actually give it an opportunity when given a chance. This contravenes the provisions of the lemon principles that prohibit the government from advancing or inhibiting religion. In the third situation, I would give the non denominational a chance to conduct prayers on a rotational issue, just like the previous principal. From the outlook, the school community is appreciative of religion and does not force its members to participate in the prayers. Furthermore, the prayers do not unfairly promote the beliefs, values and practices of a single region. This is consistent with the provisions of the Est ablishment clause that seeks to uphold the respective state of affairs (Essex, 2011). Question 2 Although the school is responsible for providing religious education, it should not promote the religious precepts of any particular religion. In addition, the students should be at liberty to choose which religious principles to support and promote. Relative decisions need to be personal and should not be influenced by the school admini

Thursday, February 6, 2020

Critical Evaluation of Supply Chain Design, Management and Resource Essay

Critical Evaluation of Supply Chain Design, Management and Resource Planning at Kraft Foods - Essay Example The company was founded in 1923. Previously, this company had focused on the industry of ice creams in North America and expanded the organisation to enter the dairy market. Kraft Foods basically produces various delicious foods according to the demand and the mood of the consumers and the company also promises a superior quality of the produced food. Kraft Foods has recently took over Cadbury and the company has an objective to spread its businesses all over the world. Kraft Foods is one of the most well known company which deals in branded beverages and foods. It is the largest food manufacturing organisation in the United States, and the second largest organisation in the world within the food manufacturing industry (Kraft Foods, 2011). In the study the major objective would be to highlight and to critically evaluate the various operational functions of Kraft Foods, and their importance in accruing a better competitive advantage. The study also involves the Enterprise Information System (EIS) and its critical evaluation to analyse the knowledge management system of the company. The paper would also include recommendations to support the argument along with conclusion (Kraft Foods, 2011). Discussion Critical Evaluation of the Organisation’s Operational Management Structures and Systems in Relation to the Theoretical Principles, Concepts, Models/Framework Kraft Foods ensures a good and effective operational segment within the organisation. The company has focused on the quality, the design, and the effectiveness of the products produced by the organisation. Alike every other company, Kraft Foods also has certain operational functions, which help the company to gain a growth in the market as well as help to achieve a competitive advantage. The various operational areas involve product and service design, product quality, capacity planning, inventory control, resource planning and supply chain management (Kraft Foods, 2011). Product and Service Design Pro duct and service design are few of the most important areas in operational activities of a company. Product and service, these are the two important factors which link an organisation to its customers. Designing a product is the process of generating new ideas to create a new product and it depends upon the needs and the demands of the customers. Product design involves certain steps, such as, design brief, specification of the design, designing the concept, testing, designing the detail, further testing, manufacturing and sales. Each and every organisation generally follows these steps. Similar to product design, service design is also an important factor in organisational operations. Service design is the process of innovation of a new product or improving the existing product for making them more usable for the customers. The major goal of the service oriented companies is to design their service properly before delivering it to the customers, and it is also important to provide after sale service to the consumers (Moritz, 2005). Kraft Foods also ensures a good product and servi

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Three Pane Model Essay Example for Free

Three Pane Model Essay Utility for Business Managers: Firms resort to macroeconomic analysis to make rational judgments about the effects of global events or policy shocks on the economy and thereby on the business environment. But such analysis is often laden with possibilities for logical missteps. The Three- Pane model (open economy IS/LM model) is discussed here as a tool for explaining key relationships in the economy while avoiding the missteps encountered in macroeconomic analysis. What is open economy macroeconomics? Macroeconomic analysis helps firms to explore the interrelationships among a whole host of markets, while microeconomics focuses on variables like price and quantity, cost and revenue in individual markets. Macroeconomic analysis can be closed-economy or open -economy. Closed-economy macroeconomics deals with movements in and relationships among aggregate variables such as National Income, rate of interest, the aggregate price level, rate of inflation etc. Open economy macroeconomics makes the analysis complete by adding analysis of capital flows, international trade and exchange rate. The objective of this note is to introduce the Three-paned or Open-economy IS/LM model. As we will see, this model is an extension of the simple closed-economy IS/LM model. A Little Bit of History: The IS/LM closed economy model was introduced by the British Economist, Sir John Hicks in 1937. The IS/LM model denotes the simultaneous equilibrium of the two key markets in a market economy, product (real) market and the money market. IS represents real/product market equilibrium and LM, money market equilibrium. IS refers to the fundamental relationship between Investment (I) and Saving(S). LM represents the relationship between L, the demand for money, and M, the supply of money. The open economy version of IS/LM is credited to two economists, Robert Mundell Marcus Fleming and hence called the Mundell-Fleming model. The three-paned model we are discussing here is pretty close to the Mundell-Fleming model. This model is best suited for discussing short-to-medium term changes in the economy, i.e., changes over a few years. The Three-Paned Model [Large Open Economy IS/LM Model]. The model as presented in the below diagram has three panes with one graph in each pane. (1) Pane I depicts the IS/LM model [product money market]. Point ‘e’ in the first graph represents the equilibrium rate of interest and the corresponding level of output/income at which, both the product and money markets are in simultaneous equilibrium. (2) Pane II [capital outflow schedule] shows Net Capital Outflow as a function of the rate of interest. Net Capital Outflow (CF) is defined as the difference between Capital Outflows and Capital Inflows. (3) In Pane III, we have the foreign exchange market, where the exchange rate, E is determined by the capital outflow schedule in Pane two and net export schedule ( NX). NX is the difference between Exports and Imports. PANE I PANE II PANE III Diagram showing the Three-Paned Open-Economy IS/LM Model Explaining the working of the Three-paned Model: Now let us see how the three-paned model works. We begin from point ‘e’, the initial equilibrium, in the ISLM model. Point e represents the simultaneous equilibrium of the product and money markets at an equilibrium rate of interest, ’ r’, and ‘ Y ‘ level of income/output. To determine the equilibrium in the capital outflow schedule, the equilibrium rate of interest, r, is brought over from the first pane to determine the equilibrium amount of net capital outflows. When the rate of interest is r, equilibrium CF in the economy is given by CFo. Suppose the RBI hikes the rate of interest from r to r1. If r* remains constant, r-r* increases. This increases relative returns in the domestic economy which creates two kinds of impacts. One, the capital outflow decreases, and two, the capital inflow increases. Therefore, the net capital outflow decreases, which is shown by the fall in CF from CFo to CF1. Likewise, if there is a fall in the interest rate from ro to r2, capital outflow increases, and capital inflow decreases, leading to an increase in net capital outflow as indicated by an increase in CF to CF2. The Capital Outflow (CF) curve is therefore, downward sloping. This means that, higher domestic rates of interest are associated with lower net capital outflows, and lower domestic rates of interest are associated with higher net capital outflows. As mentioned earlier, the three-paned model plots the net export schedule (NX) with respect to the exchange rate, E. E is defined as the foreign currency per unit of domestic currency. If we drop the equilibrium amount of capital flows CFo from pane II to the third pane we get the equilibrium amount of net exports, NXo, which is determined by the intersection of the perpendicular dropped from the CF schedule with the NX schedule. This also gives the equilibrium nominal exchange rate, Eo. [Here, we are assuming price levels at home and abroad as constant, therefore, nominal and real exchange rates can be considered to be proportional. i.e., they won’t be different]. How do we explain the model in simple economic terms? In a closed economy, the rate of interest decided by the RBI defines the simultaneous equilibrium in the product/goods market and the money market, as shown by the intersection of the IS LM curves (Pane I). Suppose that we open up the economy and also assume that we are considering a large economy [as in the case of India]. Pane II III shows how a domestic interest rate change (assuming foreign rate of interest rate to be fixed) impacts capital flows and thereby the exports and imports and the exchange rate in the economy. A hike in the interest rate by the RBI would attract capital from outside-increase in inflows- and would decrease capital outflows. This would lead to a fall in the net capital outflow. A fall in the interest rate would have the opposite effect, leading to a decrease in inflows and an increase in outflows, thereby increasing net capital outflows. When capital inflows increase due to a hike in the domestic interest rate, let us assume that most of the inflows are in the form FDI. That is, there would be an increase in demand for rupee denominated assets thereby increasing the demand for the rupee in the foreign exchange market, vis-à  -vis the foreign currency, say, dollar. This would appreciate the exchange rate (E to E1) vis-a –vis the dollar (exchange rate E was defined as foreign currency per unit of domestic currency).The appreciation of the exchange rate makes exports costlier and imports cheaper. Therefore, exports fall and imports rise, resulting in a fall in Net Exports as shown in pane III, from NXo to NX1. Similarly, a fall in rate of interest would depreciate the exchange rate, leading to a fall in imports and rise in exports, resulting in an increase in net exports. Thus the three-paned model or the open-economy IS/LM model gives the business decision maker a framework to understand and analyze changes in and interrelationships between rate of interest, capital flows, exchange rate and net exports in a large open economy. â€Å"We can address important questions about how the macroeconomy, capital flows, international trade, and the exchange rate will respond to a wide variety of events and shocks. (1) How will these key variables respond to an increased money supply or an increase in taxes? (2) How does a sudden drop in consumer’s willingness to make purchases or a technological shock that makes investing more appealing affect interest rates, unemployment and the exchange rate? (3) What will be the resulting effects on the direction of the economy and the key variables?† [ 2 ]. Economic Models: An economic model may be defined as a logical framework that is based on explicit assumptions about how key economic variables interact. The links between these variables are based on assumptions rooted in economic theory and are also explicitly defined by the relationships that govern the model. The key to understanding any economic model is to understand the logical structure and its underlying assumptions. The set of assumptions in the model enables the analysis of the impact of changes in one or more variables on the rest of the economy (-while not violating the original behavioral assumptions). [ 3 ]. John Hicks, â€Å"Mr. Keynes and the Classics: A Suggested Interpretation†, Econometrica, 1937. He was awarded the Economics Nobel Prize in 1972. [ 4 ]. For a detailed discussion of the IS/LM model, see Dornbusch,Fischer, Startz-Macroeconomics, Chapter 10, pp219-240,10thedition. [ 5 ]. Net capital outflows as defined earlier, are equal to capital outflows minus capital inflows. Here the assumption is that capital flows are a function the difference between relative interest rates. The domestic interest rate is given as r and the foreign rate of interest rate is taken as r*. Since it is not shown in the graph, r* is assumed to be constant. Therefore, capital flows effectively are determined by the changes in the domestic rate on interest rate. i.e., Net capital outflow, CF = f (r – r* ). [ 6 ]. Quoted from Darden Business Publishing- A Technical Note on The Open –Economy IS/LM Model, 2008.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Orgon The Good, Or Orgon The B Essays -- essays research papers

In the beginning of Moliere’s play Tartuffe, the character Orgon is very distasteful, but changes by the end of the play and becomes more amiable. The character Orgon, in the beginning, is exceedingly stern. For example, in the beginning of the play, Orgon takes a man into his home, to which he believes is pious in every way. This man is Tartuffe, who deceives Orgon and Madame Pernelle into thinking he is a heavenly man, in order to gain their wealth and Orgon’s wife. He Tartuffe succeeds in deceiving those two but the rest of Orgon’s family discovers his unheavenly ways. Orgon’s family tries to convince Orgon of Tartuffe’s evil intentions, but when Orgon believes something to be true, he won’t let anything come between him and what he thinks is right, even his own family. Orgon orders his only daughter to wed Tartuffe against her will. Orgon states to Mariane, “Yes, Tartuffe shall be allied by marriage to this family, and he’s to be your husband, is that clear? It’s a father’s privilege.'; (Act 2, scene 1) Orgon’s son Damis who told him of Tartuffe’s treachery also confronted Orgon, but Orgon does not believe him. Orgon screams, “ So! You insult him, and defy your father! A stick! A stick! Out of my house this minute! Be off with you, and never dare set foot in it again. I disinherit you; an empty purse is all you’ll get from me-excep... Orgon The Good, Or Orgon The B Essays -- essays research papers In the beginning of Moliere’s play Tartuffe, the character Orgon is very distasteful, but changes by the end of the play and becomes more amiable. The character Orgon, in the beginning, is exceedingly stern. For example, in the beginning of the play, Orgon takes a man into his home, to which he believes is pious in every way. This man is Tartuffe, who deceives Orgon and Madame Pernelle into thinking he is a heavenly man, in order to gain their wealth and Orgon’s wife. He Tartuffe succeeds in deceiving those two but the rest of Orgon’s family discovers his unheavenly ways. Orgon’s family tries to convince Orgon of Tartuffe’s evil intentions, but when Orgon believes something to be true, he won’t let anything come between him and what he thinks is right, even his own family. Orgon orders his only daughter to wed Tartuffe against her will. Orgon states to Mariane, “Yes, Tartuffe shall be allied by marriage to this family, and he’s to be your husband, is that clear? It’s a father’s privilege.'; (Act 2, scene 1) Orgon’s son Damis who told him of Tartuffe’s treachery also confronted Orgon, but Orgon does not believe him. Orgon screams, “ So! You insult him, and defy your father! A stick! A stick! Out of my house this minute! Be off with you, and never dare set foot in it again. I disinherit you; an empty purse is all you’ll get from me-excep...

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Pro-Forma Statements Essay

B1. Analyze Simulation Results A budget is a financial plan which is expressed in real numbers, typically in monetary units, which set the expectations for the expenses the company will incur to reach its goals, and management objectives. A good budget uses forecasts to determine what amounts should be used to reach desired efficiency and profitability. Budgets can be used to determine whether a not a process is working effectively, whether or not changes in operations need to be made in order to reach goals, and can help solve problems before they occur and help make changes when necessary. Budgets are important because they provide a quantitative measurement to establish goals, coordinate efforts and departments, and help to realize changes are needed before problems occur. Budgets should be broken down into fragments (short term, mid-term, and long term) which will allow for more precise measurement of the success of a project, allow for changes to be made before moving onto new projects, and to expand on goals when appropriate. By setting short term budget goals and reaching them it helps to ensure that the company is on pace to reach its long term objectives. Budgets need to be revised whenever they no longer useful for planning and control purposes. Anytime there are major changes in the processes or operations the budgets will also need to be revised. Budget figures should be measured frequently to ensure they are still reasonable and that the company is still on track to reach its goals. A Pro-Forma Statement is defined as â€Å"a financial statements prepared on the basis of some assumed events and transactions that have not yet occurred.† (Ralph Estes). Unlike Historical Financial Statements which use real scientific information and are based on facts, Pro-Forma Financial Statements use assumptions to help forecast the future and allow for the use of creativity and flexibility. Pro-Forma Financial Statements are similar to Historical Financial Statements in look and content, both use the same major financial statements including the income statement and the balance sheet, but the Pro-Forma Financial Statement allows for changes to be made in the volatile environment. Pro-Forma Statements are important because they provide the needed information to track progress towards goals. They are based on historic figures so they do provide realistic projections while still allowing for adjustments as needed. Typically a long collection of historic data is used to produce a Pro-Forma Income statement; since the company I created was a start up our information was limited there was even more of a reliance on projections to complete my statements. In the first quarter I had start up factory expenses of $430,000 and spent $120,000 on market research. I had gained $3,000 in interest from a small deposit into a short term CD. I had invested $1,100,000 for fixed plant capacity. Of the $2,000,000 of initial capital $547,000 was used for start-up expenses leaving the company with $1,453,000 in current assets. Important decisions had to be made during Quarter 1 in order to make my projections and set my budgets and expectations. First I had to choose what products to manufacture. I wanted to look for two segments which had some similar wants and needs. By developing two products for two segments with similar wants and needs the hope was that I would be pay off later in saving manufacturing costs by utilizing customization of parts, decrease training costs, cut down on salary expense by having a sales force that could be knowledgeable with both products, and would allow the company to provide better service after the sale. The decisions were all based upon the market research which had been done providing the wants and needs of the segments as well as the price willing to pay, the 12 month demand, and the demand per city. By performing some simple calculations (i.e. price willing to pay X Demand / cost to produce) I was able to make an informed decisions on the two products I wanted to deve lop, where I wanted to set up shop, the size of my sales force, as well as the amount of inventory to produce. I decided to manufacture two products which I felt met the needs of two specific groups. The first group was decided upon due to the quantity of the demand. I felt around this product I could better reach my goal of utilizing an employee empowerment strategy, being able to utilize work cells due to less technical processes and needs, be able to take advantage of customization of parts, and also be able to offer better service after the sales due to increased employee knowledge of the product and the service needed. I decided to focus my efforts on the Workhorse and the Traveler markets. Both markets had similar needs and the products would only need to differ in portability. The market was large and although the desired price would be lower, the higher demand would help generate profit. The hope was to build the distinction of being the low price leader while still providing a reliable product and providing excellent service after the sale. By setting proper starting budgets and being able to adjust accordingly by utilizing the pro-forma statements I was able to make sound financial decisions throughout the simulation. I never had to use emergency loans so I was able to avoid that penalty and cost. By using the statements was even able to make small investments and earn some interest off of those funds. Being a startup company I was very conservative with my investments so I could ensure I would not incur those costs. At the end of the 4th quarter my ending cash balance was over 4 million dollars. This allows for great expansion and higher sales as well as the ability to invest more funds and take advantage of additional interest income. Without the use of the statements and the budget it would not have been possible to monitor the spending and make informed decisions. The Pro-Forma statements and budgets were used to make decisions throughout the entire simulation. Each Quarter I began by examining the cash flow statement. This allowed me to make proper decisions based on the Firm’s solvency as well as my company’s potential for growth. At the beginning of Quarter 1 I had $0 in my beginning cash balance. Thus it was necessary to sell common stock. $2 million dollars were raised through the sale of common stock. It was very important to use my income statements, original budgets, and monitoring my balance sheet. $1.1 million of the funds would be used to invest in my fixed plant capacity in order to reach the needed production levels. With the funds on hand I was only able to open 2 sales offices. I chose the locations based on the projected sales demand, the allotted funds in the budget, and the money left in the cash flow. The two offices cost $430,000 to start up and would also cost a total of $220,000 per quarter for lease. After setting up the Plant capacity and the Sales Offices I had $470,000 dollars left. I still needed funds for Research and Development to ensure that I was making proper decisions and to help guide my decisions in future quarters. I decided to spend $120,000 on research and development. This left me $350,000 in excess cash. I decided to invest a portion of it but was careful using my Pro-Forma statements to ensure that I would not run into the cost of emergency cash loans. $200,000 was placed into a conservative short term C.D. which earned me $3,000 in interest income. The $3,000 and the excess $150,000 would be carried over into the next quarter. The same techniques were used every decision every quarter. Any time I made a decision it was based on my cash flow, income statements and demand projections. Lessons were learned from these decisions, more funding into research and development needed to be used early in the simulation. The result of the poor planning led to the expense of products needing to be redesigned. The carry over equipment had to be sold for salvage value and additional funding needed to be raised to develop the new products. With the proper products in place for the market demand the profits would have been much larger for my company. B2a. Just-in-time Just in Time operations is basically a system which helps force problem solving and drives down start-up costs and inventory costs by initiating a pull system driven by consumer demand and reducing inventory to meet the customer’s needs only when the customer has that need. If the product is not available at the time of demand a problem is found and improvements need to be made. This is very important to any company but especially for a start-up company who really need to watch their cash flow to avoid any emergency loans and the cost and fees associated with them. In my projections I had to take into account the demand of the segments in the cities decided to serve and make educated estimates on how much to produce based on those calculations. There were still questions which needed to be answered which led to less aggressive manufacturing; would my advertising efforts convey the right message to my target audience? Would my choices on where to advertise be successful on reaching my target audience? Would my product designs and branding fit the needs of my customers or would new products need to be developed? The answers to these questions could lead to major adjustments to our entire process and if not done well could lead to an excess of unused inventory which would only be able to recover a small part of the cost it took to develop them. Estimates were made based on the projected sales demands of the markets. Fixed capacity, sales force decisions, and of course inventory decisions were made based on these projections. The idea of course was to have the perfect amount of inventory available to my customers at the exact time they needed them, with very little cost from carrying over unused inventory. Proper use of a Just-in-time strategy could have saved me money and helped expand my company’s growth. During the manufacturing process a Just-in-time strategy would’ve have uncovered the need to increase production to meet my customers’ demand as the products were being â€Å"pulled through† the assembly process. The improper use of the JIT strategy resulted in a loss of 278 Venture II customers and 143 customers of Quest II. The result of these lost customers was $578,453 in profit. By properly utilizing the strategy profits could have been even higher and future growth could have increased. Going forward it will be important to utilize the performance of the past year and make better decisions to provide for a better customer experience. Fortunately after the losses occurred decisions were made to make sure it did not happen again throughout the simulation. A good Just-In-Time strategy would have allowed the mistakes to be caught prior to having to absorb the losses and the poor customer experiences. B2b. Lean Operations Lean operations work hand in hand with making J.I.T. effective. By definition lean operations are used to understand customer’s needs and then to stock and prepare appropriately based on said needs. In my project this was done by successful forecasting based on potential demand of the customers in the given areas and based on the chosen products. By basing our inventory on a lean operations focus the company will be able to decrease the costs of waste in it’s operations, both in unused inventory and the cost of storing excess inventory. B3. Applicability of Work Cells versus Traditional Straight Line Method An effective layout design strategy is important because the decision alone can help decide the efficiency of production as well as help to determine a firm’s competitive advantage. How will the firm be looking to set itself apart? Will it be through differentiation, low cost, or response? Will the company’s priorities focus on capacity, processes, flexibility, and/or cost, etc.? In its very basic form an effective layout design will improve efficiency by better utilizing space, people, and machinery, improving communication, improving inspection, and by allowing for flexibility. Work Cells are specially arranged groups of workers and workstations designed to make the production of a single product or group of related products more efficient by allowing workers to have more reach in the work area, allow for immediate inspection of complete product, fewer workers are needed, less work space, and prom otes better communication between workers. Workers often accept the responsibility of building the product from start to finish in a more positive light because of the empowerment it provides and the specialized training and expanded knowledge. Work Cells are often in the shape of a â€Å"U† allowing for better balance and division of work. The U-shape also will take up more space on the floor than the Traditional Straight Line process method. A Traditional Straight Line process method is the old assembly line assembly process. Each worker is responsible for a piece of a product. That piece is then put together with other pieces and the final product is put together in a series of pieces. The assembly line relies on workstations to be balanced in the share of the work to be effective however; the layout alone often leads to an unbalanced division of the workload. The pieces cannot be inspected until the finished product has been fully assembled by the varying teams, and communication and diverse learning is very limite d. The assembly line approach also leads to the possibility of a â€Å"bottleneck† effect where total production can be slowed by slow production from one of the work units. The advantages of the assembly lines are of course a less expensive and quicker training process, more standardization of parts, and lower handling costs. The decision on which method to use was a difficult one. One of the reasons I chose the two products that I did was because of their similarities and the ability to use customizable parts. However another key to the success was the ability to capitalize on efficient inventory management and processing. Another key was employee empowerment through knowledge which would lead to better service and the ability to recognize and fix problems as they occur during the assembly process. With this being said I would implement a work cell assembly approach. B4. Decisions Involving Inventory Management Understanding the relationship between inventory levels and customer needs is a critical part of any company’s success. Too much inventory can lead to extra costs for the company in the form of storage costs of unused inventory and the expense of selling off unused inventory at discount prices. Not having enough inventory can lead to poor customer experiences by not being able to meet the customer’s needs when needed. This leads to fewer repeat sales and poor relationships. In order for a company to have a low cost strategy they must master inventory levels. As discussed earlier I did not do a good job of inventory management and it cost me in the form of profits and customer satisfaction. The idea is to be perfect and I was far from it. I underestimated the increase in demand after improvements were made in product design and marketing. The result was having higher demand than inventory available. The miscalculations of potential demand cost my company through the simulation and it is very important to execute better inventory management decisions in the future to avoid such issues and losses in the future. My growth decisions were made properly in the form of additional markets, additional sales and service staff, and more fixed capacity capabilities. However, I did not make good inventory management decisions to match the growth demands. The idea of inventory management is of course to find the perfect balance of meeting my customers’ needs while limiting my costs in holding costs and excess capacity costs. It was again necessary to utilize my pro-forma statements to monitor these expenses. The inventory needs were based on demand projections, marketing efforts, and the number of sales people hired. Since my company was a start-up company with little or no brand recognition it was important to find a conservative figure which would still fit the customers’ wants and needs. In the initial Quarter I chose to project demand at 100 units per sales person. I had confidence in my product in the first quarter and decided to leave 43 units of Venture and 32 units of Quest as carryover. The hope was not to run into issues of Sales lost and a loss of customers due to poor experiences. The problem I ran into was due to poor research and development the target market did not find either of my products desirable to fit their needs as they were. My confidence quickly turned into an error in Inventory Management. The remaining units had to be sold at a Salvage price ($846.40 for Venture and $870.40 for Quest). The set price on Venture was $2500 and Quest was $3200, the cost to produce Venture was $1667 and Quest was $1698. This was an enormous loss in potential profits for my company and better use of inventory management and of course research and development could have prevented it. The new products were produced that met the customers’ wants and needs and I decided based on the research which was provided and the history of sales I would be more aggressive with my inventory levels. The sales force was increased to 16 people in Quarter 3 with a demand per sales person of 148, and based on the success in Quarter 4 the sales people were increased to 25 people with an estimate of 225 units per sales person. Due to the increase in demand caused by the additional production more inventory would left at the end of the quarter. The recommendation was that inventory levels should be left at a range of 25 to 50 units of each product, but based on the confidence of sales I increased those ranges and decided to have 86 Venture II units and 64 Quest II units in inventory left at the end of each quarter. I had no missed sales because of a lack of inventory and fortunately did not have to sell any unwanted inventory at salvage prices. Costs did increase in Quarter 4 both in holding costs and excess capacity costs but the cash increases were more than enough to justify the additional inventory. B5. Use of Specific Continuous Programs to Achieve Quality Assurance Goals. Having a culture which promotes quality from top to bottom affects the company in many positive ways; if it starts at the top it becomes a culture which then empowers employees and leads to better customer satisfaction. There are several different programs which help to measure quality; 1.) Continuous Improvement, 2.) Six Sigma, 3.) Employee Empowerment, 4.) Benchmarking, 5.) Just in Time (J.I.T.), 6. Taguchi Concepts and 7.) Knowledge of Total Quality Management (T.Q.M.) Tools. Every aspect of operations can be improved and of course the overall goal is perfection. The cost of defective parts and or systems can be dramatic for a company and difficult to recover. Therefore it is very important to have the proper programs in place to measure quality. I believe two Quality Inspection programs would have been beneficial for my company. It was very important to my company as well as my target customers for us to provide a quality reliable product and have the service in place after the sale for my customers. I believe by implementing an Employee Empowerment program I can help develop quality on both the production side as well as on the service side. Employee Empowerment involves expanding the employees’ roles and responsibilities so that empowerment and belief is spread throughout the company from the highest to the lowest level. By including such responsibilities to the lowest level there is a greater chance that defections or needed improvements will be both addressed as well as shared by the employees who are using the machinery and involved in the everyday operations of the company. With high morale and open communication lines the company should be able to reach the desired quality. The desired quality which the company will be seeking will be determined by using a quality program called Benchmarking. That desired quality will be what our products and services will look like at their very best. All other performances will be judged by comparing to this benchmark. A team will need to be assembled, benchmarking partnerships will need to be formed, data will need to be collected and compared, and improvements will need to be to try and reach our benchmarks. Our benchmarking efforts will analyze such important factors as percentage of defects, customer satisfaction rate, cost per unit, return on investment, customer retention, and response time. References 1. Ralph Estes Dictionary of Accounting (MIT, Cambridge, 1981, p. 105)